Isla Bennett
Cracked nails can be caused by a variety of factors, including nail injuries, aging, and underlying health conditions such as anemia, thyroid problems, or vitamin deficiencies. Frequent exposure to moisture, harsh nail products, and certain occupations can also contribute to nail cracking. While most cracked nails heal over time, persistent or severe cases may require medical attention to address underlying issues and explore treatment options. Maintaining nail health through preventive measures, such as wearing gloves, avoiding harsh chemicals, and keeping nails hydrated, is crucial to minimize cracking.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Age | Nails become thinner and more prone to cracking as a person ages. |
| Gender | Women are more likely than men to have cracked nails. |
| Medical conditions | Anemia, hypothyroidism, and thyroid problems can cause nail splitting. |
| Pregnancy | Pregnancy can raise the chances of getting anemia, which can cause nail cracking. |
| Psoriasis | A skin condition that can cause nail cracking. |
| Lichen Planus | A skin condition that can cause nail splitting. |
| Vitamin A (oral retinoids) | Oral medications containing vitamin A can cause nail splitting. |
| Vitamin Deficiencies | Lack of calcium and other vitamins can cause nail splitting. |
| Chemotherapy | Chemotherapy medications can cause brittle, splitting nails. |
| Nail Cosmetics | Nail polish, gel manicures, and nail polish removers can weaken and damage nails, leading to splitting. |
| Household Chemicals | Exposure to harsh chemicals in household cleaning products can cause nail cracking. |
| Frequent Handwashing | Repeated wetting and drying of hands can cause loss of moisture in nails, making them brittle and prone to cracking. |
| Nail Procedures | Certain nail procedures can weaken nails and make them prone to cracking. |
| Nail Biting and Picking | Nail biting and picking can cause stress to the nail, leading to cracks and splits. |
| Nail Injuries | Stubbed toes, crushed nail tips, or any injury to the nail bed can result in nail splitting or cracking. |
| Occupational Hazards | Jobs that require frequent hand washing or exposure to water and chemicals can increase the risk of nail cracking. |
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What You'll Learn
Ageing and health problems
Ageing can cause changes in the growth rate, texture, thickness, shape, and colour of your nails. As you get older, your nails may become thicker or thinner, and more prone to splitting, cracking, and discolouration. Nails may also become more vulnerable to fungal infections, which account for about half of all nail disorders and are common in older people. Toenails are especially susceptible to fungal infections because shoes provide a warm, moist environment for fungus to grow.
Older adults are more susceptible to brittle nails, which may occur in response to an underlying health condition or lifestyle factors. Potential causes include repeatedly washing your hands, which can cause nails to dry out and break. Nails may also become brittle due to overexposure to moisture, which can occur during activities such as dishwashing, handwashing, or repeated nail polish use. Long-term exposure to moisture can cause the skin around the nail to soften, making the nail more prone to breaking, bending, or splitting.
Additionally, age-related changes in the growth rate and morphology of the nail plate may be related to dysfunctional blood circulation at the distal extremities or the effects of ultraviolet radiation. Older adults may also experience conditions like psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis, which can result in thicker nails.
Nail changes in older adults are common but often go unreported to primary caregivers. However, these changes can sometimes indicate underlying health issues. Therefore, it is important to consult a healthcare provider if you notice significant changes in your nails' texture, thickness, colour, or shape.
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Exposure to water and chemicals
Exposure to water can cause nails to become weak and brittle. Long-term exposure to water can cause the skin around the nails to soften, and the nails themselves become brittle, making them more prone to breaking, bending, or splitting. This can occur during activities such as doing dishes, washing hands, or repeatedly painting your nails. To prevent this, it is recommended to wear gloves when performing activities that require prolonged exposure to water. Cotton gloves can be worn under vinyl gloves for added protection.
Additionally, exposure to certain chemicals can also contribute to nail cracking. Harsh solvents and chemicals found in cleaning supplies and nail polish can dehydrate nails, leading to separation and cracking. Acetone-based nail polish removers can weaken the nails and make them more susceptible to breaking. Removing gel nail manicures can also be damaging due to the chemicals involved and the prolonged exposure to nail polish remover. To mitigate the effects of chemical exposure, it is advisable to wear protective gloves when using harsh chemicals and to opt for nail polishes and removers that do not contain acetone.
Furthermore, maintaining proper nail care routines is essential. Keeping nails trimmed and filed can help reduce the chances of cracking. Applying moisturizers and cuticle oils that contain vitamin E and petroleum jelly can help seal in moisture and improve nail health. It is also beneficial to allow nails to breathe by occasionally taking breaks from nail polish and giving them time to recover.
In summary, prolonged exposure to water and harsh chemicals can increase the likelihood of nail cracking. Taking preventative measures, such as wearing gloves, making mindful product choices, and maintaining a consistent nail care routine, can help reduce the occurrence of nail cracking and promote overall nail health.
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Vitamin and mineral deficiencies
In addition to calcium and iron, vitamin B7, also known as biotin, is important for nail health. Biotin supplements are available at most grocery and pharmacy stores and are said to promote healthier nails. However, it is important to note that biotin supplements should not be taken during pregnancy.
Underlying medical problems, such as gland diseases, tuberculosis, Sjögren syndrome, and malnutrition, can also contribute to brittle nails. Furthermore, skin diseases like lichen planus and psoriasis can cause nail issues. People taking oral medications containing vitamin A, or retinoids, may also experience brittle nails as a side effect.
A balanced diet that includes essential vitamins and minerals is crucial for nail health. Iron and B vitamins, including biotin, can be obtained from fortified foods such as cereals, breads, and orange juice. Additionally, a healthy diet can provide the body with the nutrients needed to support a growing baby during pregnancy, reducing the likelihood of nail issues.
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Nail cosmetics and procedures
The use of nail cosmetics has become widespread, with millions of people worldwide using them to achieve attractive, smooth, and shiny nails. The variety of products is ever-expanding, with new nail cosmetics, procedures, and adornments constantly flooding the market.
Nail beautification is a large industry, with various nail cosmetics available, ranging from nail hardeners, polishes, extensions, artificial/sculpted nails, and nail decorations. These products and procedures can be damaging to the natural nail, and adverse effects are possible. For example, cuticular cuts and "hang" nails are common with the cuticle-trimming procedure and can be very painful. Clipping nails when dry can cause horizontal splitting of the nail plate, and over-zealous buffing of the nail plate can thin the nail plate and cause fragility.
Nail products contain potentially harmful ingredients, such as formaldehyde, which may be listed on the product label as formaldehyde, formalin, or methylene glycol. Toluene is another harsh chemical found in nail products that should be avoided. These products are allowed on the market because they are safe when used as directed. However, it is important to note that nail technicians are at risk of occupational hazards due to constant exposure to these chemicals.
To prevent adverse effects, it is essential for dermatologists to be familiar with the nail cosmetic products and procedures for better case management. Knowledge of proper technique and the use of materials of standard quality is important to ensure the safe and correct use of nail cosmetics and procedures. Consumers should also read labels carefully, follow any warnings, and be aware of potential adverse events.
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Nail injuries and nervous habits
Nail injuries are a common cause of cracked nails. Nails can be injured in many ways, including through cuts, crush injuries, or a blow to the nail. Subungual haematoma, a condition where blood gets trapped under the nail bed, is usually caused by a crush injury or a heavy object hitting the nail. Nail bed avulsion, on the other hand, is when the nail and part of the nail bed are pulled away or torn from the finger, often due to the finger getting stuck or jammed. This injury is very painful and can cause the finger to swell.
Frequent exposure to moisture is another common cause of cracked nails. This can occur when doing dishes, washing hands, or through repeated nail polish use. To prevent this, it is recommended to wear gloves when your hands are exposed to water for long periods.
Underlying health conditions can also contribute to nail cracking. For example, people with psoriasis may experience scaly redness around their nails and bodies. Anemia, a condition caused by iron deficiency, can also lead to nail cracking. Additionally, thyroid problems can cause nail brittleness and splitting.
Nervous habits, such as nail biting, cuticle biting, and skin picking, can also damage nail health and lead to cracking. These habits are often unconscious and may be a result of anxiety or nervousness.
To promote nail health and prevent cracking, it is important to address any underlying health conditions and maintain a balanced diet. Additionally, protecting the nails from injury and minimizing exposure to moisture can help. In cases of severe nail cracking or persistent discomfort, it is advisable to consult a doctor or dermatologist for personalized advice and treatment options.
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Frequently asked questions
There are many reasons why your nails might be cracked. The most common reason is aging, as nails become thinner and more prone to cracking as we get older.
Yes, cracked nails can also be caused by frequent exposure to water or moisture. This could be due to your job, for example, if you wash dishes or work with chemicals.
Yes, cracked nails can sometimes be a sign of a health problem. For example, it could be a symptom of anemia, thyroid problems, or vitamin deficiencies. It could also be caused by certain medications or underlying medical problems.
Yes, cracked nails can be caused by nail products such as nail polish, gel manicures, and nail polish removers, especially those containing acetone or toluene.
To prevent your nails from cracking, you can try to avoid prolonged exposure to water, wear gloves when doing chores, and use a moisturizer or nail-hardening solution. Eating a healthy diet with plenty of vitamins and minerals can also help promote nail health.
