Ava Monroe
Fungal nail infections, also known as onychomycosis, can cause nails to thicken, discolour, and become fragile and easy to break. The infection is caused by fungal organisms, such as dermatophytes, nondermatophyte molds, yeast, and various species of Epidermophyton and Trichophyton, which enter through small cracks in the keratin or nearby skin. While the infection often starts at the edge of the nail and can take a long time to treat, it can spread to the rest of the nail and multiple nails if left untreated.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Cause of fungal nails | Fungi such as Scytalidium, Alternaria, Exophiala, Dermatophytes, Nondermatophyte molds, Candida, Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum species, Trichophyton interdigitale, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton tonsurans |
| Symptoms | Nails become thick, discoloured, easy to break, brittle, separated from the nail bed |
| Treatment | Antifungal nail medicine, antifungal tablets, removal of the nail under local anaesthetic |
| Prevention | Keep feet dry, wear sandals or shoes in locker rooms, practice good foot hygiene, avoid walking barefoot in communal showers and gyms |
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What You'll Learn
Fungi enter through cracks in the keratin
Mycotic nails are caused by fungal organisms entering through small cracks in the keratin or the nearby skin. These cracks can be so tiny that they are invisible to the naked eye. The fungi then cause an infection, leading to thickened nails. While it is more common in toenails, fingernails can also be affected.
There are several types of fungi that can cause mycotic nails, including dermatophytes, which are responsible for 80 to 90% of cases. Other causes include nondermatophyte moulds (2 to 10% of cases), yeast (2 to 11% of cases), and specific species such as Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum species, and various Trichophyton species.
People with weakened immune systems are more susceptible to developing mycotic nails. This can be due to conditions such as immunodeficiency or underlying illnesses like cancer. Additionally, those who have had an organ transplant or are undergoing chemotherapy may be more prone to these infections.
It is important to seek treatment for mycotic nails, as they can become painful and cause discomfort when wearing shoes. Treatment options include antifungal medications, either applied topically or taken orally as tablets. In some cases, severely infected nails may need to be removed through a minor procedure performed under local anaesthesia.
To prevent fungal nail infections, it is advisable to keep your feet dry and practice good foot hygiene. Wearing shoes or sandals in communal areas like locker rooms and gyms can also reduce the risk of contracting fungal infections.
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Treatment can take months
Fungal nail infections, or mycotic nails, are characterised by thickened, discoloured, and brittle nails. This infection is caused by fungal organisms, which can enter the toenail or fingernail through small cracks in the keratin or the nearby skin. While it is not a serious infection, it can take a long time to treat, and in some cases, may require several months of medication.
Treatment for fungal nail infections aims to address the underlying fungal cause and alleviate the associated symptoms. The duration of treatment depends on the severity of the infection, the type of treatment administered, and individual response. Oral antifungal medications are typically the most effective treatment option, offering the highest cure rates. These medications are taken daily and can take up to several months to completely eradicate the infection. In some cases, treatment may need to be extended for up to a year to ensure the infection is fully resolved.
Topical antifungal treatments, which are applied directly to the nail, are also available. However, they tend to be less effective and may take even longer to show results. It is important to follow the treatment instructions carefully and consistently to achieve a positive outcome. Additionally, your healthcare provider may recommend temporary or, in rare cases, permanent nail removal to facilitate more direct and effective treatment of the fungal infection.
The early initiation of treatment is crucial to improving the chances of successfully eliminating the fungal nail infection. While over-the-counter treatments are available, they are not approved for this specific condition and may not be effective. Hence, it is recommended to consult a healthcare provider for prescription treatment options, which can include both topical and oral medications.
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Athlete's foot can cause it
Athlete's foot is a fungal skin infection that occurs between the toes. It is caused by the same fungus that leads to fungal nail infections, and therefore can cause the nails to thicken. The fungus multiplies in warm, dark, and moist places, such as the feet, and can spread to the nails. This is how athlete's foot can lead to fungal nail infections, which cause the nails to thicken.
Fungal nail infections, or mycotic nails, are caused by fungal organisms that enter the toenail or fingernail through small cracks in the keratin or the nearby skin. These infections can cause the nail to become thick, discoloured, and fragile. While they do not usually affect the skin, they can cause the nail to separate from the nail bed.
Dermatophytes cause 80 to 90% of mycotic nails. However, other organisms can also cause these infections, including nondermatophyte molds, yeast, and various species of Epidermophyton, Microsporum, and Trichophyton.
It is important to see a healthcare provider if you suspect you have a fungal nail infection. While it is not a serious infection, it can take a long time to treat and may require antifungal medication or, in severe cases, removal of the nail.
To prevent fungal nail infections, it is advisable to avoid walking barefoot in places like communal showers and gyms, as the infection can spread from person to person. Additionally, maintaining good foot hygiene and wearing well-ventilated shoes can help reduce the risk of infection.
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It can cause pain
Fungal nail infections are typically characterized by nail thickening, discoloration, and brittleness. While the infection may not cause immediate discomfort, it can lead to pain over time. Here's how:
Discomfort and Walking Difficulties
Thickened nails caused by fungal infections can lead to discomfort, especially when wearing shoes. The friction between the thickened nail and the top of the shoe can cause irritation and pressure on the toe. This discomfort may eventually make it challenging to walk or move comfortably.
Skin Irritation and Pain
In some cases, a fungal nail infection can cause the entire nail to break off. This can lead to painful and swollen skin around the affected nail. The exposed skin may become sensitive, irritated, and prone to further infection.
Underlying Medical Conditions
Fungal nail infections are more prevalent in individuals with pre-existing medical conditions, such as cancer or those undergoing cancer treatments. In such cases, the fungal infection can contribute to secondary infections or complications, leading to increased pain and discomfort. It is crucial for individuals with pre-existing conditions to seek prompt medical attention to prevent further issues.
Treatment Side Effects
While treatments are available for fungal nail infections, they can sometimes cause side effects. Antifungal medications, either topical or oral, may need to be used for several months. Oral antifungal tablets, in particular, may not be suitable for individuals with certain conditions, such as liver or kidney disease, or for those who are pregnant or breastfeeding. Therefore, it is essential to consult a healthcare professional before starting any treatment to ensure it is safe and appropriate for your specific circumstances.
Long-Term Management
Fungal nail infections can be challenging to cure and may require long-term management. The treatment process can be lengthy, and even with treatment, the infection may recur. This prolonged nature of the condition may lead to frustration, discomfort, and ongoing pain for those affected.
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It can spread to other nails
Fungal nail infections, also known as onychomycosis, are caused by a variety of organisms, including dermatophytes, nondermatophyte molds, yeast, and more. The infection usually starts at the edge of the nail and can spread to the rest of the nail. It can also spread to multiple nails, affecting both toenails and fingernails.
Fungal nail infections thrive in warm, dark, and moist environments, such as the feet. This is why toenails are more commonly affected than fingernails. Constantly warm and damp feet, wearing shoes or trainers for extended periods, and hot and sweaty feet can all increase the likelihood of developing a fungal nail infection. Additionally, walking barefoot in places like communal showers and gyms can expose you to the fungus that causes these infections.
The fungus enters through small cracks in the keratin or the nearby skin, causing the nail to become thicker, discoloured, and brittle. It may also become fragile and easy to break. Left untreated, the infection can worsen, and the symptoms can become more severe. The thickened nails can cause discomfort when wearing shoes and may even make it difficult to walk.
It is important to seek treatment for fungal nail infections. While they are not serious infections, they can be challenging to cure and may require months of treatment. A pharmacist may suggest antifungal nail medicine, or your GP may prescribe antifungal tablets if pharmacy treatments are ineffective. In some cases, badly infected nails may need to be removed under local anaesthesia.
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Frequently asked questions
A fungal nail infection occurs when a fungus or yeast enters your toenail or fingernail through small cracks in the keratin or the nearby skin. The fungus or yeast grows under the nail bed, causing the nail to thicken.
Fungal nail infections are caused by the same fungus that causes athlete's foot. The fungus thrives in warm, dark, and moist environments, such as sweaty feet inside trainers. Walking barefoot in communal areas like showers and gyms can also spread the infection.
Antifungal treatments are available from pharmacists and GPs. These can include medicines that are brushed onto the nail or antifungal tablets. In some cases, the infected nail may need to be removed under local anaesthetic.
