Ava Monroe
Gel nail polishes are popular for their long-lasting shine and colour. However, they contain many chemicals that can be harmful to your health. The curing process involves UV exposure, which can increase your risk of skin cancer and cause allergic reactions. In addition to UV exposure, the polishes contain acrylate and methacrylate, which are known to cause allergic reactions, rashes, and hives. Other chemicals found in gel nail polishes include dibutyl phthalate, parabens, and tphp. These toxins can have a negative impact on the environment and cause damage to your nails, leaving them dry and brittle. While gel nail polishes may be convenient and aesthetically pleasing, it is important to be aware of the potential health risks associated with their use.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Chemicals | Acrylate, Methacrylate, Formaldehyde, Dibutyl phthalate, Parabens, and TPHP |
| Health Risks | Allergic reactions, Skin irritation, Dermatitis, Rashes, Hives, Headaches, Dizziness, Eye irritation, Skin and throat irritation, Nausea, Vomiting, Exhaustion, Asthma-like attacks, Loss of smell, Burns, Difficulty breathing |
| UV Exposure | Yes |
| Removal Process | Soak nails in 100% pure acetone, Forcefully scrape or drill |
| Environmental Impact | Minimal impact due to being up to 84% bio-sourced |
| Cruelty-Free | Yes |
| Vegan | Yes |
| Gluten-Free | Yes |
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What You'll Learn
Acrylate and methacrylate
Acrylates are derivatives of acrylic acid and typically have the chemical structure CH₂=CHCOOR, where R represents an alkyl group. These compounds are known for their rapid bonding and setting times due to their less hindered structure. They are commonly found in quick-dry gel polishes and some adhesives for nail extensions. Despite their convenience, acrylates have been linked to adverse skin, eye, and throat reactions, with organs throughout the body, especially the respiratory system, being vulnerable to their effects.
Methacrylates, on the other hand, derive from methacrylic acid and have an additional methyl group attached to the carbon next to the carbonyl group in their ester structure, CH₂=C(CH₃)COOR. This modification makes methacrylates less reactive than acrylates, resulting in slower curing times. However, they still provide substantial strength and durability, making them ideal for long-wearing applications. Methacrylate monomers form a hard yet flexible protective layer when cured, making them crucial in builder gels and acrylic nails.
The use of these chemicals in gel nail polish has raised concerns due to their potential health risks. Both acrylates and methacrylates are known to cause allergic reactions, such as contact dermatitis and, less commonly, urticaria. Nail professionals and clients need to be aware of these risks and take appropriate safety precautions, such as ensuring proper ventilation and using protective gear during application and removal.
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UV exposure
Gel nail polishes are cured under UV light, which can increase your risk of skin cancer. The UV exposure from these lamps can cause DNA damage and cell mutation, as shown in a study by Maria Zhivagui of UC San Diego. This study found that a single 20-minute session of UV exposure resulted in 20-30% cell death, while three consecutive sessions caused 65-70% of the exposed cells to die.
It is important to note that the link between UV exposure and skin cancer is not yet conclusive, and large-scale epidemiological studies are needed to confirm this. However, dermatologists have expressed safety concerns, and it is generally recommended to look for alternative ways to do manicures.
If you choose to get a gel manicure, there are precautions you can take to minimise the risk of UV exposure. You can apply sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to your hands and nails before your manicure. Mineral sunscreens that contain titanium dioxide and zinc oxide are recommended as they act faster than chemical sunscreens. Additionally, you can wear UV-protective fingerless gloves that expose your nail bed while shielding the rest of your hand.
It is worth mentioning that gel nail polish lamps are not the only source of UV exposure. Driving to and from a salon appointment can also result in UV exposure, and sunscreen applied to the skin may not protect your nails. Therefore, it is advisable to limit the frequency of gel manicures and opt for alternatives like regular polish or dip powder.
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Allergic reactions
Gel nail polishes contain various chemical components that work together to create a durable and glossy finish. The main ingredients typically include oligomers, monomers, photoinitiators, pigments, dyes, additives, and solvents. These ingredients are generally safe, but some people can develop allergies to certain chemicals found in gel nail polish, particularly acrylates and methacrylates, which are the main compounds in gel nail polishes.
Acrylates belong to a chemical family called methacrylates, and these ingredients are known to be skin sensitizers. If they are absorbed into the skin, they may cause an allergy. Therefore, it is important to avoid getting gel polish on your skin to prevent a potential allergic reaction.
The most common symptoms of a gel nail polish allergy include skin reactions around the nails, such as redness, inflammation, swelling, itching, and fluid-filled blisters. In some cases, nails may become detached from the nail bed (onycholysis), appearing lifted or separated, and they may also change colour. It is important to note that these symptoms can vary depending on the individual's sensitivity.
If you suspect an allergic reaction to gel nail polish, the first step is to remove the polish or extensions, as long as you are not experiencing a severe reaction. Treating a gel nail polish allergy typically involves both immediate management of symptoms and long-term strategies to prevent future reactions. This includes discontinuing the use of gel nail polishes and any other nail products containing the identified allergens. Topical corticosteroid creams or ointments can be used to reduce inflammation, redness, and itching associated with contact dermatitis caused by methacrylates. In more severe cases, oral antihistamines and oral steroids may be necessary to manage the allergic reaction.
To prevent allergic reactions to gel nail polish, it is important to choose the right products and use proper application techniques. Additionally, individuals with eczema may have a higher risk of developing an allergic reaction due to their compromised skin barrier.
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Toxic chemicals
The popularity of gel nail polish has been on the rise, but it is not without its risks. The curing process involves UV exposure, which increases the risk of skin cancer. The use of UV lamps during gel manicures can kill cells and cause DNA damage, leading to potential long-term effects such as skin cancer. Additionally, gel nail polish contains toxic chemicals that can be harmful to your health.
One of the main toxic chemicals found in gel nail polish is acrylate, which is also used in white dental fillings and joint replacement surgery. Acrylates are known to cause allergic reactions, such as contact dermatitis and, less frequently, hives (urticaria). The curing process of gel nail polish involves UV light, which can cause these chemicals to penetrate the nail bed and surrounding skin, leading to potential sensitisation to acrylates.
Another toxic chemical found in gel nail polish is formaldehyde, which is a known carcinogen. Formaldehyde can cause asthma-like attacks, allergic reactions, and other health issues. It is important to note that formaldehyde is not always listed as an ingredient, so it can be challenging to avoid. Additionally, the removal process of gel nail polish can be damaging to natural nails, leaving them dry and brittle. Improper removal can lead to temporary nail damage, such as cracking and peeling, and can also cause an overall weakening of the nail plate.
The use of nail adhesives and other products in gel manicures can also irritate the skin and cause dermatitis. These products often contain chemicals that can cause skin irritation and burns. Nail polish remover can cause headaches, dizziness, and irritation to the eyes, skin, and throat. The cumulative UV exposure and toxic chemicals present in gel nail polish and its removal process highlight the importance of taking precautions when considering gel manicures.
However, it is important to note that there are non-toxic gel nail polish options available, such as Green Flash LED Cured Gel Polish, which is formulated with natural ingredients and does not contain known endocrine disruptors or allergenic molecules.
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Non-toxic alternatives
Non-toxic gel nail polishes are a healthier option for nail care without compromising on the quality and longevity of a manicure. These alternatives are also known as "all-natural gel manicures" or "bio gel for nails".
There are many factors that can damage nails, including aging, toxic nail polish, acrylics, gels, shellac, and dipping powders. The cumulative UV exposure from gel manicure curing lamps increases the risk of skin cancer. Gel nail polishes also contain acrylate and methacrylate, which are known to cause allergic reactions.
To avoid these issues, you can opt for non-toxic gel nail polish brands like Bio Seaweed Gel, Ella+Mila, and Zoya. These brands offer healthier alternatives that are free from harmful chemicals. It is important to note that there is no standardization for the 'n-free' labelling system, so it is always good to check the ingredient list. The non-toxic options are typically at least 3-free, meaning they do not contain formaldehyde, toluene, or dibutyl phthalate, which are known disruptors.
When applying non-toxic gel nail polish, it is important to start with clean nails, free from any oils or residue. You can then apply a base coat to strengthen and protect your nails before adding the gel polish. Use thin layers of gel polish and avoid getting it on your skin. Finish with a healthier top coat, which will add shine and durability without exposing you to potentially harmful toxins.
By selecting non-toxic gel nail polishes and healthier top coats, you can maintain healthy nails while still enjoying long-lasting colour and shine.
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Frequently asked questions
Gel nail polish contains acrylate and methacrylate, which are known to cause allergic reactions such as rashes and hives. The curing process involves UV exposure, which increases the risk of skin cancer.
There are modern gel-like polishes that are long-lasting but do not require a UV lamp for curing. Examples include Essie's Gel Couture and Butter London's 10x Nail Lacquer Patent Shine, which is free from 10 common toxins.
Yes, there are non-toxic gel nail polish options available, such as Green Flash LED Cured Gel Polish, which is formulated using natural ingredients and does not contain any known endocrine disruptors or allergenic molecules.
