Ava Monroe
Fungal nail infections are unsightly and can be difficult to treat. They are caused by fungi, which may live harmlessly on the skin but can multiply and lead to infections. The infection usually starts at the edge of the nail and spreads to the whole nail, causing it to thicken, change colour, and become brittle. In some cases, the nail may separate from the nail bed and crumble. Treatment for a fungal nail infection can take a long time, and the infection may return even after successful treatment. So, how long does a fingernail fungus infection last?
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Treatment duration | 6 weeks for fingernails and 12 weeks for toenails; however, some sources state that treatment may last 2 months for fingernails and 3-4 months for toenails. |
| Treatment methods | Oral antifungals, laser treatment, photodynamic therapy, topical medications, antifungal medication in the form of tablets or special paint, removal of the nail, and treatment kits from pharmacies containing urea paste, plasters, and a scraping device. |
| Symptoms | Nails become discoloured (white, yellow, green, or black), thickened, distorted, and brittle. The nail may also lift off, causing the skin around it to become swollen and painful. |
| Causes | Fungi, yeast, mold, walking barefoot in places where fungus spreads easily (e.g., gym showers, swimming pools), constantly warm and damp feet, wearing shoes for long periods, and athlete's foot. |
| Prevention | Wash hands and feet often with soap, keep nails short and trimmed straight across, wear socks that absorb moisture, change socks once or twice a day or let your feet cool, use antifungal powder or spray on feet and in shoes, and do not share tools used for manicures and pedicures. |
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What You'll Learn
- Treatment options: oral medication, laser treatment, or photodynamic therapy
- Prevention: keep nails short, wash hands and feet, and wear moisture-wicking socks
- Symptoms: nail discolouration, thickening, and distortion, and pain or discomfort
- Diagnosis: a lab test can identify the fungus, and a blood test checks liver health
- Risk factors: walking barefoot, constant warmth and dampness, and athlete's foot
Treatment options: oral medication, laser treatment, or photodynamic therapy
Fingernail fungus, or onychomycosis, is a chronic fungal infection that affects the fingernail or toenail bed, leading to brittle, discoloured, and thickened nails. While treatment for mild cases may be unnecessary, more severe infections may require antifungal medication. Treatment options for fingernail fungus include oral medication, laser treatment, or photodynamic therapy.
Oral medication, in the form of antifungal pills or tablets, is a common treatment option for fingernail fungus. Oral antifungals include terbinafine, itraconazole, and fluconazole (Diflucan). These medications work to clear the infection from the inside out and are generally more effective than topical treatments. However, they can also cause side effects and require blood tests to monitor for potential problems. It is important to note that oral antifungal tablets are not currently licensed to be sold over the counter and may require a prescription from a healthcare provider.
Laser treatment is another option for treating fingernail fungus, particularly in cases that are stubborn or difficult to clear. Laser therapy involves emitting high doses of light energy to destroy the fungus. While early research suggests that laser treatment may be effective, there is currently insufficient evidence to recommend it as a routine treatment option. Laser treatment may also be expensive and require multiple sessions over an extended period.
Photodynamic therapy is a newer treatment option that has been explored for onychomycosis. It involves the use of light-sensitive medications that are activated by light to destroy the fungus. While photodynamic therapy shows promise, larger randomized trials are needed to determine its effectiveness and feasibility for treating fingernail fungus.
In addition to these treatment options, it is important to follow self-care measures to help prevent the spread of the infection and reduce the risk of relapse. This includes wearing well-fitting shoes made of natural materials, cleaning cotton socks, and avoiding walking barefoot in public places.
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Prevention: keep nails short, wash hands and feet, and wear moisture-wicking socks
To prevent nail fungus, it is important to keep your nails short and clean. Nails should be cut straight across, with toenails kept shorter than the end of the toes. This helps prevent fungi and other germs from getting under your nails. Sanitize your nail clippers before use by washing them with soap and water, then wiping them with rubbing alcohol. Wash your hands and feet often with soap, making sure to get between your fingers and toes. Keep your feet dry and prevent overheating. Fungi thrive in moist, dark, and warm places, so it is important to reduce their growth by giving shoes 24 hours to dry out before wearing them again. Sprinkle antifungal powder in your shoes and on your feet. You can also put antifungal foot powder inside your socks to keep your feet dry. Wear clean, dry socks every day and change them when they are damp from sweat or if your feet get wet. Socks made of wicking material, such as high-tech polyester, are ideal as they pull moisture away from the skin.
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Symptoms: nail discolouration, thickening, and distortion, and pain or discomfort
Fingernail and toenail fungus is a common issue, affecting about 10% of the adult population. It is caused by an overgrowth of microscopic fungi, which typically live harmlessly on the body. The medical name for a fungal nail infection is onychomycosis.
The infection causes the nail to become discoloured—often a yellowish hue—thickened, and distorted. The nail may become an unusual shape or texture and be difficult to trim. It may start to curl up or down or loosen from the nail bed. The nail could become brittle and crumble when touched or when pressure is applied. In some cases, the nail may come off entirely.
In addition to nail discolouration, thickening, and distortion, a fungal nail infection can also cause pain or discomfort, particularly when using or placing pressure on the affected toe or finger. This pain can be a symptom of the infection itself or a result of the nail becoming thickened or distorted.
Fungal nail infections usually start mild and get more serious over time. Initially, you may only see a small white or yellow spot under your nail, which gradually spreads and can turn your whole nail white, yellow, green, or black.
Treatment
If you suspect you have a fungal nail infection, it is important to see a doctor for diagnosis and treatment. Treatment may not be necessary in mild cases that do not cause any symptoms or discomfort. However, for more severe or troublesome infections, antifungal medication may be recommended. This can come in the form of tablets, nail paint, or cream. Laser treatment is also an option for stubborn infections, but it may need to be repeated several times and can be expensive. In severe cases, your doctor may recommend removing the affected nail to allow a new, healthy nail to grow in its place.
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Diagnosis: a lab test can identify the fungus, and a blood test checks liver health
Fingernail fungus, or onychomycosis, is a common infection that can be identified through a lab test and treated by a doctor. The current diagnostic gold standard includes direct microscopy with potassium hydroxide (KOH) and fungal culture. Additional tests include polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing, fluorescent staining, and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining. While KOH testing can differentiate between dermatophytes and saprophytes, it is only 60% sensitive and cannot identify the species. On the other hand, PCR testing can identify the disease-causing agent in an onychomycosis infection and provide same-day results, but it may detect nonpathogenic or dead fungus.
A fungal culture test is a common method used to identify fingernail fungus. For this test, a healthcare professional will collect a sample of cells or fluid from the affected nail. The sample is then sent to a lab and placed in a dish with a special substance that promotes the growth of any fungi that may be present. Once there is enough material, it is examined under a microscope to confirm the presence of fungi. In some cases, a skin or nail biopsy may be necessary.
In addition to visual symptoms, a blood test can also be used to detect a fungal infection. A blood fungus culture is useful for defining invasive disease and detecting the presence of fungi in the blood. However, proof of invasive Candida infection requires direct cystoscopic or operative visualization, fungus balls, pyelonephritis, or histological evidence of mucosa invasion. Blood tests are particularly important for detecting deep and systemic fungal infections, which can affect the blood, lungs, and other organs.
While fingernail fungus can be treated through various methods, including oral antifungals, topical creams, and laser therapy, it is important to consult a doctor for an official diagnosis and treatment plan. With their expertise and access to laboratory tests, doctors can provide guidance on the most effective approach to treating the infection.
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Risk factors: walking barefoot, constant warmth and dampness, and athlete's foot
Walking barefoot in public areas like gym showers, swimming pools, and locker rooms is a significant risk factor for developing nail fungus. These environments are breeding grounds for fungi, which thrive in warm, damp, and dark conditions. By walking barefoot in such places, you expose your feet to these fungi, increasing the likelihood of infection. To protect yourself, it is advisable to wear waterproof shoes or flip-flops in such environments.
Constant warmth and dampness are ideal conditions for fungal growth. This is why nail fungus often occurs in people whose hands or feet are frequently moist. For example, those who work as cleaning staff or spend a lot of time in swimming pools may have higher chances of developing nail fungus due to constant exposure to moisture. Therefore, keeping your hands and feet dry is crucial in preventing nail fungus.
Additionally, fungal infections like athlete's foot (tinea pedis) can lead to nail fungus. Athlete's foot is caused by fungi called dermatophytes, which thrive in warm and moist environments. These fungi can spread to the nails, causing nail fungus. To prevent this, it is essential to treat athlete's foot promptly and maintain good foot hygiene, such as keeping your feet dry and wearing well-ventilated shoes.
Furthermore, sharing personal items like towels, sheets, clothing, or shoes with someone who has athlete's foot can also spread the infection. To prevent the spread of fungi, it is recommended to wash items like socks, bedding, and towels at 60 degrees Celsius or higher to kill fungal spores. Additionally, using laundry sanitizers can help eliminate fungal spores at lower temperatures.
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Frequently asked questions
Fungal nail infections can take a long time to treat and may require treatment for up to 6 months. In some cases, it can take between 6 and 18 months for the nail to return to normal.
Symptoms include discolouration, thickening, distortion, pain or discomfort, and brittle or crumbly nails.
A finger nail fungus is caused by fungi, which can multiply and lead to infections if your feet are constantly warm and damp, or if you have athlete's foot.
Antifungal medications are available in tablets or as a special paint that is applied directly to the nail. Laser treatment is also an option for stubborn infections.
Keep your hands and feet clean and dry, and wear well-fitting shoes and clean cotton socks to allow your feet to breathe.
