Sophia Delgado
Long nails can be a breeding ground for bacteria and fungi, with the area beneath the fingernail providing the perfect crevice for microorganisms to thrive. Research shows that germs are more likely to accumulate under longer fingernails, and artificial nails, such as acrylics, can be even harder to keep clean. However, for those who prefer longer nails, there are ways to maintain good nail hygiene and prevent the spread of infection, including regular trimming, cleaning, and avoiding contact with the face.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Germ hotspot | Yes |
| Microorganisms | Bacteria, fungi, yeast |
| Health risks | Infections, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, wound and blood stream infections |
| Prevention | Keep nails short and clean, wear gloves while cooking and cleaning, avoid biting nails, sanitise clipping and grooming tools |
| Cleaning methods | Use a nail brush, wash hands thoroughly, lather with warm water and soap, scrub for 20 seconds |
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What You'll Learn
Long nails can be a hotspot for germs, bacteria, and fungi
Biology professor Jeffrey Kaplan notes that the area beneath the fingernail, in the crevice, is where most of the bacteria live. Studies have found 32 different types of bacteria and 28 different types of fungi underneath fingernails. Additionally, artificial nails, such as acrylics, and natural nails with nail polish are harder to clean and have a higher likelihood of carrying microorganisms.
The risks associated with long nails and the spread of bacteria and fungi are especially concerning in medical settings. In a study of 18 healthcare workers, all those with long nails harbored bacteria and yeast, while only 18% of those with short nails did. The bacteria Klebsiella and the yeast Candida parapsilosis were found under the nails of the healthcare workers, and these microorganisms can cause pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and wound and bloodstream infections.
To prevent the spread of infection, health experts recommend trimming nails short and keeping them clean. However, for those who prefer long nails, there are ways to maintain nail health and minimize the risk of germ spread. This includes regularly washing hands for at least 15 seconds, as advised by Dr. Carol A. Kauffman, and wearing gloves while cooking and cleaning to prevent germ buildup. Additionally, it is important to avoid biting nails or damaging them, as this can increase the risk of infection.
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The crevice underneath fingernails can harbour microorganisms
The area beneath the fingernail, in the crevice, can become a breeding ground for microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. According to Jeffrey Kaplan, a biology professor at American University, this is where most of the bacteria reside. He states that "the longer the nail, the more surface area there is for microorganisms to adhere". This increased surface area provides a larger habitat for microorganisms to colonize and proliferate, increasing the likelihood of harbouring a diverse array of bacteria and fungi.
Research supports this claim, as studies have discovered up to 32 different types of bacteria and 28 different types of fungi underneath fingernails. These microorganisms can have significant implications for health, with potential links to infections and, in rare cases, even contributing to severe outcomes such as the deaths of babies under the care of nurses with long nails. While a definitive causal connection has not been established in such extreme cases, the presence of microorganisms under long nails is a valid concern.
The subungual region, or the space under the fingernails, provides an ideal environment for microbial growth. This is because the area between the skin and the nail creates a protected niche, shielded by the nail itself, and maintained in a moist condition, fostering the perfect habitat for microorganisms to thrive. The physical barrier formed by the nail, coupled with the moisture, renders this region relatively resistant to standard antimicrobial agents and hand-washing procedures.
Additionally, artificial nails, whether acrylic or gel, and even natural nails adorned with nail polish, are more challenging to clean and tend to have a higher likelihood of harbouring microorganisms. Tiny cracks or chips in the nail polish can provide additional spaces for bacteria to flourish. However, it is important to note that while short nails are generally considered more hygienic, the presence of nail polish does not appear to significantly affect the bacterial diversity on natural nails.
To mitigate the risks associated with long nails, proper nail hygiene and regular cleaning are essential. For those who prefer long nails, maintaining good nail health includes regular appointments with a nail technician to ensure nails are properly cleaned and maintained. Additionally, wearing gloves while cooking and cleaning can help prevent the buildup of germs underneath the nails.
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Health experts recommend keeping nails short and clean to prevent infection
Artificial nails, such as acrylics, and natural nails with nail polish are harder to clean under and therefore have a higher likelihood of carrying these microorganisms. These germs can then be spread to the body when people scratch, bite their nails, suck on their fingers, or pick their noses. They can also be spread to others when cooking or eating.
To prevent the spread of these microorganisms, health experts recommend keeping nails trimmed short and clean. Frequent, proper nail trimming reduces the risk of ingrown toenails or bacterial infections. When trimming your nails, it is important to cut straight across the nail and avoid cutting into the sides to prevent ingrown nails. Additionally, wearing gloves while cooking and cleaning can help prevent the buildup of germs underneath the fingernails.
For those who prefer to keep their nails long, there are ways to maintain nail health and keep them free of germs. This includes practices such as washing, trimming, and cleaning the nails regularly, as well as using your own manicure/pedicure set when visiting a nail salon to avoid infection.
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Ways to maintain long nail hygiene
While long nails can be a hotspot for germs, there are ways to maintain long nail hygiene and keep them clean and healthy. Here are some tips to achieve that:
Keep Nails Clean and Dry: Bacteria and fungi thrive in a moist environment. Maintaining clean and dry nails prevents bacteria from growing. Scrub the underside of your nails with soap and water or use a nail brush every time you wash your hands.
Trim and File Nails Regularly: Trim your nails straight across using sharp nail scissors or clippers. Slightly round the tips for added strength. Keep your nails shaped and free of snags by filing them with an emery board. Trim toenails regularly to minimize the risk of trauma and injury.
Avoid Nail Biting and Cuticle Cutting: Biting your nails or removing the cuticle can damage your nails and make them more susceptible to infection. The cuticle acts as a barrier to prevent infection, so avoid cutting or pushing it back. Instead, gently push back your cuticles with a sanitized cuticle stick after showering when they are soft.
Protect Nails During Daily Tasks: Avoid using your nails as tools, such as opening cans or picking at things. This can cause chipping, splitting, or lifting of the nail bed. Wear gloves while cooking, cleaning, or washing dishes to protect your nails from water and chemicals and to prevent germs from building up underneath your fingernails.
Sanitize Grooming Tools: Properly sanitize all nail grooming tools, such as clippers and files, before each use. This is especially important if you are sharing tools with others or visiting a nail salon.
If you notice any changes to your nails, such as swelling or pain, it is important to consult a dermatologist as these could be signs of nail infections or other serious nail problems.
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Handwashing techniques to ensure clean nails
While long nails can be a hotspot for germs, there are several handwashing techniques to ensure clean nails and maintain proper nail hygiene.
Firstly, it is essential to wash your hands frequently. Handwashing is a simple yet effective way to protect yourself from germs and bacteria. When washing your hands, ensure you focus on cleaning the undersurface of your nails, also known as the subungual region, as this area can harbour hundreds of thousands of bacteria and viruses. Use soap and water, and scrub your nails gently with a nail brush to dislodge any microorganisms living underneath. It is recommended to use a nail brush once a day or after handling materials that can accumulate under the nails, such as soil from gardening. Avoid over-aggressive brushing, as this can create micro-injuries that increase the risk of infection.
Additionally, it is crucial to avoid harmful habits that can spread germs. This includes biting your nails, picking your nose, and touching your face. These actions can transfer microorganisms directly to your body or to other people. Instead, keep your nails trimmed and maintained with a good nail clipper, and ensure you wash and dry the clipper after each use.
Wearing gloves while cooking and cleaning can also help prevent the buildup of germs underneath your fingernails. If you prefer to keep your nails long, it is essential to take extra care in maintaining proper nail hygiene by regularly washing your hands and being mindful of your habits.
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Frequently asked questions
Research shows that germs are more likely to be found underneath longer fingernails. The CDC recommends keeping nails short and clean to prevent the spread of infection. However, for those who prefer long nails, there are ways to maintain nail hygiene.
People with long nails can reduce the buildup of germs by regularly washing their hands and wrists and keeping their nails away from their face. They can also use a nail brush to clean underneath their nails. Additionally, wearing gloves while cooking and cleaning can help prevent germs from accumulating under the nails.
Poor nail hygiene can lead to the spread of microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, which can cause infections. In a study of healthcare workers, those with long nails were found to harbor bacteria and yeast, which may have contributed to the deaths of babies under their care. Maintaining proper nail hygiene is crucial to prevent the spread of harmful microorganisms.
