Caleb Foster
Nails are produced by the nail matrix cells that reside in the moon-shaped whitish area (lunula) at the base of the nail. If the nail matrix is not damaged, the nail will typically be capable of regrowth. Fingernails may grow one-tenth of a millimeter each day, so completely removed fingernails usually grow within 6 months. Toenails may grow at about half the rate of fingernails, so completely removed toenails may grow within 18 months. However, if the nail matrix is severely damaged, some or all of the nail may not grow back.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Will the nail grow back? | Yes, but it may take 6-9 months for fingernails and 12-18 months for toenails. |
| What to do after nail separation? | Keep the nail bed dry, clean, and covered with petroleum jelly and an adhesive bandage until the nail has grown back. |
| What causes nail separation? | Nail separation is often caused by trauma or injury, but it can also be caused by fungal infections or certain illnesses. |
| What to do if there is an infection? | See a healthcare professional right away if there are signs of infection such as swelling, pain, redness, or pus. Antifungal medications may be prescribed to treat fungal infections. |
| How to prevent nail separation? | Keep nails trimmed short, avoid biting nails, be careful when cleaning underneath nails, and avoid chemicals or products that can irritate nails or the surrounding skin. |
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What You'll Learn
Nails grow back, but slowly, taking 6-18 months
Nails have a good regeneration capacity and will usually grow back after they separate from the nail bed. However, this process can be slow, taking anywhere from 6 to 18 months for a completely new nail to grow. The time it takes for a nail to grow back depends on whether it is a fingernail or toenail, with toenails growing more slowly.
Fingernails grow at a rate of about one-tenth of a millimeter per day, or about 0.13 inches per month. This means that it can take 3 to 6 months for a fingernail to grow back completely. Toenails, on the other hand, grow at about half the rate of fingernails, so it can take up to 18 months for a completely new toenail to grow.
It is important to note that the regrowth of nails depends on the health of the nail matrix and nail bed. The nail matrix is the "factory" where new nails are produced, and it resides in the moon-shaped whitish area (lunula) at the base of the nail. If the nail matrix is damaged, it can affect how the nail grows back, and in severe cases, may prevent the nail from growing back entirely. Similarly, damage to the nail bed can also affect nail growth and cause deformities in the new nail.
To promote nail regrowth and prevent infection after a nail separates from the nail bed, it is important to keep the area clean and dry. You can cover the nail bed with petroleum jelly and an adhesive bandage until the nail has grown back. Additionally, it is recommended to trim any sharp edges or detached parts of the nail to prevent further tearing. If there is any sign of infection, such as increasing heat, redness, pain, tenderness, swelling, or pus, it is important to seek medical attention.
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Fingernails and toenails regrow at different rates
Fingernails and toenails do grow back after they separate from the nail bed, but it is important to note that they regrow at different rates. Nails grow back slowly, and it can take about 4 to 6 months for a fingernail to grow back, while a toenail can take up to 18 months. The rate of regrowth can vary from person to person and can be influenced by various factors such as age, nutritional status, environmental temperature, trauma, handedness, pregnancy, acute illness, and pre-existing skin conditions.
The nail matrix, which consists of the germinal matrix and the sterile matrix, is responsible for nail growth. New cells are formed in the nail matrix, and as these new cells grow, older cells move up and push through the skin, eventually hardening into nails. In the event of an injury or trauma, the nail matrix may be damaged, affecting nail growth. Minor damage to the nail matrix can cause temporary changes in the nail's appearance, while severe damage can result in the nail falling off. Once the nail matrix heals, the nail will usually start to grow again. However, in cases of severe nail matrix damage, some or all of the nail may not grow back, and the nail may be permanently deformed.
It is important to keep the nail bed clean, dry, and protected during the healing process. Home treatments can help relieve pain, promote healing, and prevent infection. This may involve removing the nail, filing or trimming sharp edges, and covering the nail with tape or an adhesive bandage until it has grown out enough to protect the finger or toe. In some cases, a minor surgical procedure on the nail bed may be necessary to improve the nail's appearance.
Overall health and certain health conditions can also impact nail growth. For example, illnesses such as a heart attack, COVID-19, or pneumonia can interrupt nail growth and cause horizontal ridges known as Beau's lines. Peripheral artery disease can also affect nail growth by reducing blood flow to the legs and feet. Additionally, injuries to the nail matrix due to pinching, crushing, or dropping heavy objects on the toe can cause bruising, ridges, discoloration, or nail separation.
While most nails will grow back, it is important to seek medical attention if there are signs of infection, such as increasing heat, redness, pain, tenderness, swelling, or pus. Additionally, underlying health conditions, such as nail fungus or nail psoriasis, may require medical treatment to promote healthy nail regrowth.
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Nail matrix damage may prevent regrowth
The nail matrix is the "factory" where your body produces new fingernails and toenails. It is responsible for nail growth and regeneration of the nail bed. The nail matrix is located under the base of your nail, and the only visible part is the lunula, the white crescent shape at the base of your nail. However, some people do not have visible lunulas.
Injuries and certain health conditions can damage the nail matrix and interfere with nail growth. Mechanical injuries, such as crushing or pinching your finger, dropping something heavy on your toe, or nail biting, can cause nail matrix damage. Additionally, improperly performed nail care procedures, such as improper cuticle work using a cuticle pusher or drill, can also damage the nail matrix.
In the case of nail matrix damage, the nail may not grow back properly or at all. Minor damage to the nail matrix can cause temporary changes in the nail's appearance, such as dents, horizontal ridges, or lines. Severe damage can lead to permanent nail deformities or even the loss of the nail. If the nail matrix is not permanently damaged, proper nail growth after treatment is possible. This may take an average of 6 to 12 months, and proper nail care and medical care can promote healthy regrowth.
If you suspect damage to your nail matrix, it is important to consult a specialist. They will assess the severity of the damage and determine the appropriate treatment. In some cases, nail reconstruction or surgical intervention may be necessary. Proper management of nail injuries is crucial to ensure good healing and prevent late deformities.
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Onycholysis is nail separation from its bed
Onycholysis is a common nail disorder characterised by the detachment of the nail plate from the nail bed. It usually starts at the tip and/or sides of the nail, and can occur on any of the fingernails or toenails, though it occurs particularly on the ring finger. It results in a well-defined area of opaque whiteness on the nail, although the nail surface may also be normal, pitted, indented, or crumbly. Onycholysis is typically painless, but may be painful if acute or inflammatory.
The condition can be caused by a number of factors, including nail infections, skin diseases, tumours, or systemic events such as hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and reactive arthritis. It can also be caused by trauma to the nail, such as blunt force or repeated minor trauma, or by reactions to irritants such as nail enamel, enamel remover, solvents, and detergents. Certain medications can also cause onycholysis.
Onycholysis can usually be treated at home. Treatment involves keeping the nail bed dry, clean, and covered with petroleum jelly until the nail has grown back. It is important to watch for signs of infection, such as increasing heat, redness, pain, tenderness, swelling, or pus, as untreated nail injuries can lead to serious problems. If there is any sign of infection, a physician should be consulted.
The nail will not reattach once it has detached from the nail bed. However, a new nail will grow back in its place, typically within 4-6 months for fingernails and up to 18 months for toenails. In cases of severe nail bed damage, some or all of the nail may not grow back.
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Treatment options for nail separation
Nail separation, also known as onycholysis, occurs when the nail detaches from the nail bed. It can be caused by several factors, including injury, underlying conditions, and nutritional deficiencies. While nail separation itself may not require urgent medical attention, it is important to identify and address the underlying cause to promote healing and prevent recurrence. Here are some treatment options for nail separation:
- Managing underlying conditions: Onycholysis can be a symptom of various underlying conditions, such as thyroid issues, vitamin or mineral deficiencies, psoriasis, or fungal infections. Treating these underlying conditions is crucial in resolving nail separation. For example, if a vitamin deficiency is the cause, your doctor may prescribe oral supplements.
- Trimming and maintenance: Keeping nails short and trimmed is recommended to prevent further damage and irritation. Filing sharp edges and trimming detached portions of the nail can help prevent catching and tearing. It is important to avoid aggressive clipping and to refrain from using nail products that can irritate the nail, such as nail polish, enamel remover, solvents, and detergents.
- Infection prevention: Nail separation can lead to a higher risk of infection. Keeping the nail bed clean and dry is essential for preventing infection. Applying diluted vinegar or antibacterial soaks can help minimise the risk of secondary infections. Covering the area with petroleum jelly and a bandage can also protect the nail bed and promote healing.
- Protective measures: Wearing gloves, especially during activities that may harm the nails, can provide a physical barrier against trauma and chemical irritants. This is especially important for individuals with conditions that increase their risk of nail separation, such as peripheral arterial disease or immune system problems.
- Medical procedures: In some cases, minor surgical procedures may be recommended to improve the nail's appearance and promote healing. For instance, nail trephination can be performed to drain trapped blood under the nail, providing pain relief and aiding in the growth of a new nail.
- Diet and nutrition: Maintaining a well-rounded diet and good general health can contribute to the growth of strong nails. Ensuring adequate intake of essential vitamins and minerals, such as iron, can help prevent nail separation and promote healthy nail growth.
It is important to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the underlying cause of nail separation and receive personalised treatment recommendations. They can assess the extent of the damage and provide guidance on the most appropriate treatment options for your specific situation.
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Frequently asked questions
Yes, nails have good regeneration capacity. However, the old nail will not reattach to the nail bed, and a new one will have to grow back in its place.
Nails grow at a rate of about 0.1 inches per month. Fingernails may grow back within 3 to 6 months, while toenails may take up to 12 to 18 months.
If you see signs of an infection, such as increasing heat, redness, pain, tenderness, swelling, or pus, visit a healthcare professional right away. Keep the nail bed dry, clean, and covered with petroleum jelly and an adhesive bandage until the nail has grown back.
Nail separation, or onycholysis, can occur due to injury or fungal infections. Certain medications, manicures, and ill-fitting shoes can also cause nail separation.
