Noah Sinclair
Nails are made of keratin, the same substance that forms hair and the top layer of skin. They grow at an average rate of 3.47mm per month, or 0.1mm per day. However, this rate varies depending on factors such as age, sex, season, exercise level, diet, hereditary factors, and the finger on which the nail is located. For example, nails on the dominant hand tend to grow faster, as do nails on longer fingers. While there are no scientifically proven methods to accelerate nail growth, certain measures can be taken to increase nail health and prevent breakage, such as taking biotin supplements, using nail hardeners sparingly, and maintaining a well-balanced diet.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Average growth rate | One-tenth of a millimeter per day or 3.47 millimeters per month |
| Factors affecting growth rate | The finger the nail is on, handedness, age, sex, season, exercise level, diet, hereditary factors, hormone levels, and overall health |
| Conditions that interfere with nail growth | Injuries, certain health conditions, skin conditions, and diseases |
| Ways to improve nail health | Take biotin, use nail hardeners sparingly, avoid glue-on nails and toxic polishes, maintain a well-balanced diet, practice good nail hygiene, and get enough iron |
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What You'll Learn
Factors influencing nail growth rate
Fingernails grow at an average rate of about a tenth of a millimeter per day, or 3.47 millimeters per month. Toenails, on the other hand, grow at a slower rate of around 1.62 mm per month. The rate of nail growth depends on various factors, including age, nutrition, blood circulation, overall health, and lifestyle choices.
Age plays a significant role in nail growth rates, with younger people generally experiencing faster cell turnover and, consequently, quicker nail growth. As we age, blood circulation slows down, contributing to a decrease in nail growth speed over time.
Nutrition is another critical factor influencing nail growth. Vitamins such as biotin, vitamin B12, zinc, and iron promote healthy nail development. A well-balanced diet contributes to overall nail health and supports optimal growth rates.
Blood circulation also affects nail growth. Regular hand massages or treatments can stimulate blood flow to the nail matrix, enhancing nail growth. Additionally, mechanical stimulation through gentle hand activities like typing or massaging can positively influence nail growth.
Overall health and lifestyle choices can impact nail growth rates. Chronic illnesses, hormonal imbalances, certain medications, and skin conditions can slow nail growth. Injuries, such as pinching or crushing the finger, can damage the nail matrix and interfere with nail growth. Severe cases may result in nail loss, requiring several weeks for the nail to regrow.
While there are no scientifically proven methods to accelerate nail growth, maintaining good nail hygiene and overall health can optimize nail growth within these influencing factors.
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Health conditions affecting nail growth
Healthy nails are typically smooth and consistently coloured. However, certain health conditions can cause changes in the appearance of nails, including their texture, shape, and colour.
Skin Conditions
Skin conditions such as eczema and psoriasis can affect nail growth and cause changes in nail appearance. For example, severe eczema can cause Beau's lines, pitting, texture changes, and colour changes. Psoriasis, which causes the skin to become dry, red, and irritated, can also affect the nails, with up to 80% of people with psoriasis developing nail psoriasis. Nail psoriasis can lead to white lines, pitting, and crumbling of the nails.
Infections
Infections can also lead to nail abnormalities. Onychomycosis, a fungal nail infection, can cause spots, discolouration, and nail separation. Viral infections, such as warts (periungual warts), can also affect the nails.
Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies
Vitamin and mineral deficiencies can impact nail health. Iron deficiency, for example, can cause koilonychia, or "spoon nails," where the nails curve outward and may be able to hold a drop of liquid.
Chronic Conditions
Chronic conditions, such as thyroid disease, can also affect nail growth and appearance. Hypothyroidism, for example, can lead to brittle nails.
Cancer
In rare cases, changes in the nails can indicate the presence of cancer. Subungual melanoma, or nail matrix melanoma, is a type of skin cancer that affects the nail matrix. It is characterized by brown or black discolouration on the nail. Additionally, a new or changing dark streak on the nail may indicate acral lentiginous melanoma, the most serious type of skin cancer.
It is important to note that not all nail changes are indicative of a serious medical condition. However, if you notice any abnormal changes to your nails, it is recommended to seek medical advice. A dermatologist or healthcare provider can help determine the cause and recommend appropriate treatment.
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Nail injuries and their treatment
A nail injury refers to any instance where the nail, nail bed (skin underneath the nail), cuticle (base of the nail), or the surrounding skin is hurt. This can include cuts, tears, bruises, or smashing the finger, which can cause the nail to separate from the nail bed.
Treatment for nail injuries:
- Minor injuries: For a mild nail injury, it is recommended to treat the wound by first gently trimming any part of the nail that is hanging off and not connected to the skin. Then, clean the wound with soap and water, and if there is bleeding, do not apply a dry bandage as it will stick to the wound. Instead, use petroleum jelly to keep the wound moist, and then cover it with gauze or a bandage. Repeat this daily while the wound heals. It is important to avoid sticky products on the nail itself and only apply them to the skin around the nail to prevent further irritation. Propping the injured area above the heart can help to reduce swelling.
- Bruises: For larger bruises, a procedure called nail trephination can be performed to drain the trapped blood, relieve pain, and aid in the correct growth of the new nail. This must be done within 48 hours of the injury, before the blood clots.
- Serious injuries: More serious injuries may require a visit to an urgent care centre or emergency room. Treatment may involve stopping the bleeding, cleaning the wound, and numbing the affected area. If there is a large bruise, the provider may create a small hole in the nail to drain the blood and relieve pressure and pain. In some cases, the nail may need to be removed, and the nail bed repaired with stitches or special glue. If the nail cannot be reattached, a special type of material may be used as a replacement. Antibiotics may be prescribed to prevent infection, and a splint or special shoe may be provided for protection during healing.
It is important to note that a separated nail will not reattach, and a new nail will have to grow back in its place. Nails grow back slowly, with fingernails taking about 6 months or longer and toenails taking up to 18 months. During this time, it is crucial to keep the area clean and dry to prevent infection.
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Diet and supplement recommendations for nail growth
A well-balanced and nutrient-rich diet is the key to achieving healthy nails. Nails are made of a fibrous structural protein called keratin, which is also found in our skin and hair. When our bodies are fed the right nutrients, our nails grow stronger and healthier.
Firstly, consuming adequate protein is essential for boosting keratin production and creating strong nails. Good animal sources of protein include organic chicken, eggs, lean meats such as turkey, and fish like salmon. For plant-based sources, opt for tofu, lentils, quinoa, soya, nuts, and seeds.
Secondly, vitamin A is crucial for nail growth. It hydrates and regenerates growth in nails that are thin and brittle. Eat orange and yellow vegetables like carrots, sweet potatoes, cantaloupe, and squash to get your dose of vitamin A. Dark green leafy vegetables are another great source of vitamin A.
Thirdly, biotin, a B vitamin, helps strengthen brittle nails and improve their growth. It is most concentrated in organ meats, egg yolks, dairy, and nuts. Other B vitamins like folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 are also vital for nail growth and overall nail health.
Additionally, ensure you are getting enough healthy fats, especially omega-3s, as they provide moisture and nourishment to your nails. Salmon and other fatty fish are excellent sources of these healthy fats. If you are plant-based, avocados, nuts, and seeds are great alternatives.
Finally, don't forget the importance of hydration. Drink enough water and eat water-rich foods like cucumbers, celery, and watermelon to keep your body and nails well-hydrated.
While dietary changes are the best way to improve nail health, if you are unable to get all the necessary nutrients from your diet, supplements can help fill the gaps and improve your nail health.
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Nail grooming and hygiene practices
Keep Nails Clean and Trimmed
Wash your hands thoroughly, especially after exposure to harsh chemicals or potential irritants. Dry your hands and feet thoroughly, paying attention to the areas between your toes and under your nails. Trim your nails regularly, using a nail clipper to cut them straight across, avoiding cutting them too short. For toenails, trim them slightly shorter at the corners to prevent ingrown toenails.
Maintain Nail and Skin Health
Use a nail file to gently shape your nails and smooth out any rough edges. Soak your fingers and toes in warm water to soften your cuticles. Keep your skin clean and moisturized to maintain skin health and prevent dryness and cracking.
Prevent Nail Injuries and Infections
Proper nail care can help prevent nail injuries and infections. Cut your nails properly, especially your toenails, to avoid ingrown nails. Keep your hands and feet clean to prevent fungal infections, which thrive in moist environments.
Support Overall Health
Nail health is influenced by factors such as diet, age, hormone levels, and overall health. A balanced diet and proper nutrition are essential for healthy nails. Additionally, maintaining good hand hygiene by washing your hands frequently with soap and water is crucial, especially before eating and after using the restroom.
By following these nail grooming and hygiene practices, you can achieve healthy and well-maintained nails while also contributing to your overall health and confidence.
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Frequently asked questions
No, it is a common misconception that nails grow after death. Nails appear to grow due to the skin dehydrating and tightening.
On average, fingernails grow about a tenth of a millimeter per day or 3.47 millimeters per month. Toenails grow slower than fingernails.
The rate of nail growth depends on various factors, including age, sex, season, exercise level, diet, hereditary factors, and overall health.
Yes, injuries to the nail matrix can cause nail deformities, bruising, ridges, or discoloration. In some cases, the nail may fall off, and a new one will grow in its place.
While there is no scientific proof that vitamins or supplements can increase nail growth, certain vitamins and supplements can improve nail health and prevent breakage. Biotin, for example, has been shown to increase overall nail health and reduce breakage.
