Ava Monroe
There are many reasons why people may have thin fingernails. One of the most common nail problems is rough, brittle nails that may also crack easily. This can be caused by repeated wetting and drying of the fingernails, overexposure to moisture or chemicals, or underlying health conditions such as hypothyroidism or iron deficiency. Thin nails can also be caused by acute trauma, such as accidentally slamming a finger in a door, or more subtle habits like biting fingernails, picking at polish, or using nails to open cans. Additionally, the use of certain nail products, such as gel polish, acrylics, and nail polish remover, can dry out and weaken nails, making them more prone to peeling and breakage.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Cause | Trauma to the nail, such as accidentally slamming a door on your finger |
| Overexposure to moisture or chemicals, such as detergent, cleaning fluids, nail treatments, and nail polish or polish remover | |
| Lack of nutrients, such as iron, biotin, vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin E, zinc, and protein | |
| Underlying health conditions, such as psoriasis, endocarditis, nail melanoma, or Raynaud's syndrome | |
| Age-related nail changes | |
| Treatment | Applying lotions that contain alpha-hydroxy acids or lanolin |
| Wearing gloves while washing dishes or doing other water-heavy tasks | |
| Avoiding chemicals around the nails and going natural to allow nails to recover | |
| Keeping nails clean and dry to prevent bacterial or fungal infections | |
| Taking nutritional supplements, such as biotin | |
| Moisturizing hands and nails after washing |
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What You'll Learn
Diet and nutrition
Thin, brittle nails are often caused by repeated wetting and drying of the fingernails. However, diet and nutrition can also play a major role in nail health. Nails are made from a super-tough protein called keratin, so eating the right amount of protein is vital for boosting keratin production and maintaining strong nails. A well-balanced diet with lots of water will help keep your fingernails healthy and strong. Eating plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, as well as minimally processed foods, will contribute to healthier nails.
Protein is the major building material that comprises nails, and when it is depleted in the diet, it can have a major impact on the rate of growth and their ability to stand up to everyday tasks. Vegetarians and vegans may notice this if they are not completing their proteins sufficiently. By combining legumes with whole grains in ample portions, one can successfully meet their protein needs. Essential fatty acids, like those found in fish oil or flax seed oil, can also help moisturize and strengthen nails.
Iron-rich foods are also important for nail health. If a person has an iron deficiency or anemia, they should consider eating more red meat, spinach, fish, meat, poultry, artichokes, kidney beans, nuts, tomato juice, or broccoli. Plant sources of iron are better absorbed with a source of vitamin C or animal protein.
Biotin, a water-soluble vitamin from the B-complex group of vitamins, has been noted for its ability to increase the thickness of the nail plate, helping to defend against brittle nails. Dietary sources of biotin include egg yolks, soybeans, fish, and whole grains.
Vitamin B12 deficiency can also cause nail issues, and this can sometimes occur in individuals who are vegan and have eliminated animal products from their diet (a primary source of B12). B12 deficiency poses health risks beyond poor nails and should be taken seriously. One may need to take vitamin B-12 fortified soy milk or B12 supplements.
Lastly, silicon has also been found to be critical for healthy nails. The highest concentration of silicon in the body is found in connective tissue such as skin and nails. Silicon is found in leafy green plants and several grain products. Try incorporating dark leafy green salads into your menus with chopped tomatoes, green peppers, and a balsamic vinaigrette.
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Nail trauma
Nail biting is another common cause of nail trauma, leading to infections and acute paronychia, a type of bacterial infection that causes swelling and irritation around the nail. Repeated nail trauma can also lead to nail plate deformities and secondary fungal infections, such as Candida, which is common in patients with chronically manicured nails. Ill-fitting shoes can also cause microtrauma to the toenails, leading to similar issues.
Washboard nails, or onychotillomania, can develop from the habit of repeatedly pushing back or picking at the cuticles. This can lead to grooves and ridges in the centre of the thumbnails. Curved nails, or clubbing, can also develop from chronic inflammation caused by nail trauma and/or manipulation of the cuticles and surrounding skin. This can be harmless or an indication of an underlying disease.
To prevent nail trauma, it is important to keep your fingernails and toenails trimmed and avoid biting your nails or cuticles. Wearing properly sized shoes is also crucial in preventing toenail trauma. If you notice any signs of infection or deformity, it is important to seek medical advice, as some nail traumas can indicate underlying health issues.
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Underlying health conditions
Thin, brittle, or weak fingernails can be a sign of underlying health conditions. In some cases, these nail issues may be a symptom of a more serious disease or health problem. Here are some possible underlying health conditions that could contribute to thin fingernails:
Nutrient Deficiencies
A lack of certain essential nutrients in the diet can lead to thin or weak fingernails. This includes deficiencies in iron, biotin, vitamin C, calcium, vitamin B, vitamin D, zinc, protein, vitamin A, and vitamin E. For example, iron deficiency is known to cause brittle nails, and a lack of iron, biotin, and vitamin C can specifically lead to peeling or thin nails.
Skin Disorders
Skin conditions, such as psoriasis, lichen planus, and dermatitis, can affect the nails. Psoriasis, a common skin disease that causes skin cell buildup, may also be associated with nail changes.
Hypothyroidism
An underactive thyroid gland, or hypothyroidism, can result in brittle nails that may also be thin.
Raynaud's Syndrome
This condition is characterised by circulation problems in the extremities, which can affect nail health and lead to brittle nails.
Infections
Nail problems, including weakness, can sometimes be the result of bacterial or fungal infections. Biting nails, picking at cuticles, or hangnails can increase the risk of infection.
Other Health Conditions
In some rare cases, thin or weak nails may be indicative of more serious health issues. For example, pitted nails with small dents can be a sign of a disease affecting the entire body, such as alopecia areata. Yellow nails could be a symptom of lung disease or rheumatoid arthritis, and curved nails could be a harmless trait or a sign of an underlying disease. Horizontal ridges on the nails, known as Beau's lines, may also indicate kidney disease or another underlying condition.
It is important to consult a doctor or dermatologist if nail problems persist or are accompanied by other symptoms, as they can help diagnose and address any potential underlying health conditions.
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Nail care habits
Thin nails can be caused by a variety of factors, from iron deficiency to more serious underlying conditions. To improve the health of your nails, there are several nail care habits you can adopt:
Maintain a healthy diet
A well-balanced diet that includes iron-rich foods can help improve nail health. Biotin supplements, recommended by doctors, can also aid in strengthening weak or brittle nails. Additionally, staying hydrated by drinking enough water is essential for overall health, including nail health.
Moisturize
Applying lotion or hand cream to your nails and cuticles can help prevent dryness and brittleness. This is especially important after any activity that might dry out your nails, such as washing your hands or removing nail polish. Nutrient-rich oils like almond and avocado oils are excellent for keeping your nails and cuticles hydrated.
Protect your nails
When engaging in activities that involve water or harsh chemicals, such as cleaning or gardening, wear gloves to protect your nails from excessive moisture or chemical exposure. Avoid using nail polish removers that contain toxic chemicals, as these can contribute to nail brittleness and weakness. Instead, opt for natural alternatives or use them sparingly.
Practice proper nail hygiene
Keep your nails clean and dry to prevent bacterial growth. Avoid biting your nails or picking at your cuticles, as this can injure the nail bed and increase the risk of infection. Trim your nails regularly, rounding the tips gently to avoid sharp edges.
Be mindful of manicures
While manicures can enhance the appearance of your nails, they can also weaken them if not done properly. Choose a reputable salon that follows hygiene protocols and works with licensed technicians. Avoid cuticle removal during manicures, as it can break the protective seal and increase the risk of infection. If you push your cuticles back, do so gently after showering when the skin is soft, and finish by massaging your nails and cuticles with a nourishing oil or treatment.
File properly
When filing your nails, avoid using a back-and-forth sawing motion, as this can weaken your nails. Instead, file in one direction, being gentle on the sides to prevent over-filing.
Choose nail polishes wisely
When painting your nails, always use a base coat to protect your nails from staining and add a top coat for a gloss finish and extra protection. Strengthening varnishes can reinforce thin nails, making them appear thicker. Avoid polishes with toxic chemicals like dibutyl phthalate, formaldehyde, and toluene, as these can contribute to nail issues.
Consult professionals
If you notice persistent nail issues or unusual symptoms, consult a dermatologist or healthcare professional. They can help diagnose any underlying conditions and recommend appropriate treatments or lifestyle changes to improve your nail health.
By incorporating these nail care habits into your routine, you can promote stronger and healthier nails while also addressing any underlying causes of thin nails.
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Environmental factors
On the other hand, dry and brittle nails can result from too little moisture. This condition, known as onychoschizia, is characterised by rough, splitting nails that crack easily. It is often caused by overexposure to detergents, household cleaners, and nail polish remover. Additionally, frequent use of nail polish, especially gel polish, can contribute to nail thinning. The chemicals and harsh solvents in these products can weaken nails, making them more prone to peeling and breakage. Aggressive removal of nail polish can also damage the surface layers of natural nails, making them thinner and more susceptible to breakage.
In addition to moisture levels, certain habits and behaviours can impact nail health. For example, nail-biting, picking at cuticles, and using nails to open cans can cause nail trauma and weaken the nail structure. Moreover, activities such as manicures and pedicures can lead to nail infections if proper hygiene and safety measures are not followed.
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Frequently asked questions
Your nails might be brittle due to repeated wetting and drying. This could be because you wash your hands frequently or work with water, like cleaners and hairdressers.
Thin nails could be caused by overexposure to chemicals and harsh solvents in nail polishes and acrylics. Removing nail polish too aggressively can also lead to thin nails.
Yes, thin nails could be a sign of iron deficiency or hypothyroidism. In some cases, it could also be a sign of an underlying condition like Raynaud's syndrome or psoriasis.
To prevent your nails from becoming thin, you can wear gloves while doing chores and moisturize your hands and nails after washing them. You can also try applying lotions that contain alpha-hydroxy acids or lanolin.
If your nails are still weak, you should consult a doctor or a dermatologist. They may recommend nutritional supplements like biotin or conduct a comprehensive evaluation to check for any underlying problems.
