Noah Sinclair
Peeling fingernails, also known as onychoschizia, can be caused by a variety of factors, including external trauma to the nail, such as picking off nail polish, pressing on your nails, or even using your nails as tools. Internal factors, such as iron deficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency, or underlying health conditions like thyroid disorders, can also contribute to peeling nails. Maintaining nail health involves a well-balanced diet rich in essential nutrients, including calcium, iron, vitamin D, and biotin. In some cases, horizontal ridges or other symptoms accompanying vertical ridges may indicate a more serious underlying condition, and it is advisable to consult a medical professional for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Cause | External or internal trauma to the nail |
| External causes | Manicures, chemicals, moisture, dryness, buffing, adhesives, nail treatments, nail polish, nail polish remover |
| Internal causes | Iron deficiency, vitamin deficiency, hypothyroidism, kidney disease, thyroid disease, fungal infection, chemotherapy, Accutane |
| Treatments | Moisturizer, nail oil, hypoallergenic products, nail strengthener, acetone-free nail polish remover, blood tests, medication, oral antifungal meds, dietary changes, supplements, lifestyle modifications |
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What You'll Learn
Iron deficiency
Fingernail peeling can be caused by iron deficiency, also known as anaemia. This condition is characterised by a lack of red blood cells, which can lead to nail abnormalities. While researchers are still working to understand the exact mechanism, it is believed that iron deficiency may weaken the connective tissue under the nail plate, resulting in what is known as "spoon nails". Spoon nails are a type of nail deformity where the centre of the nail becomes concave or sunken, resembling a spoon. This condition can affect both fingernails and toenails and may also be accompanied by thinness and brittleness.
To address iron deficiency and improve nail health, it is recommended to increase iron intake by incorporating iron-rich foods into your diet. Eating a well-balanced diet that includes whole foods such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can help ensure you are getting sufficient iron and other essential nutrients. If dietary changes are not sufficient, consult your doctor to determine if iron supplementation is necessary. Additionally, consider applying lotions containing alpha-hydroxy acids or lanolin to your nails, and wear gloves during water-heavy tasks to prevent further nail damage.
It is important to note that nail issues can have various causes, including external factors such as aggressive polish removal or internal factors like nutrient deficiencies. If you are uncertain about the underlying cause of your nail issues or if your symptoms persist despite home remedies, it is advisable to seek professional guidance from a medical hand specialist or dermatologist. They can help identify any underlying health conditions and provide tailored recommendations for improving your nail health.
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Thyroid disorders
Peeling nails can be caused by a variety of factors, including nutrient deficiencies, skin conditions, and underlying medical conditions such as thyroid disorders.
The thyroid gland, located in the neck, plays a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions by producing hormones. When the thyroid gland is underactive, a condition known as hypothyroidism, it can cause a range of symptoms, including changes in nail appearance. Hypothyroidism is associated with slow nail growth, thin nails, and brittle nails that are prone to breaking, splitting, and peeling. Onycholysis, or nail separation from the nail bed, is a common condition observed in people with hypothyroidism. Other nail-related conditions associated with hypothyroidism include leukonychia (white nails), striped nails, and pitting (small indents creating an uneven nail surface).
On the other hand, an overactive thyroid, or hyperthyroidism, can also lead to nail changes. Hyperthyroidism is commonly associated with koilonychia (spoon-shaped nails) and fingertip clubbing, where the fingertips become enlarged, and the nails curve around them.
Treatment and Management:
If you notice persistent nail changes or other symptoms associated with thyroid issues, such as weight changes, anxiety, fatigue, or brain fog, it is recommended to consult a healthcare professional. Blood tests and comprehensive examinations can help diagnose and manage thyroid-related concerns. Treatment for nail issues caused by thyroid disorders may include thyroid hormone replacement therapy to regulate hormone levels. Additionally, maintaining nail health through proper nail care practices and a well-balanced diet rich in essential nutrients can help support nail growth and improve nail appearance over time.
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Vitamin B12 deficiency
Peeling nails are a common issue and often not a cause for concern. However, in some cases, they may be a sign of nutrient deficiencies or an underlying health condition. One of the nutrients that can cause nail peeling is vitamin B12.
Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a crucial role in cell division and growth, including the cells responsible for nail development. It is also essential for overall nail health, as it contributes to the growth and strength of the nail's keratin, the protein responsible for nail tissue.
A vitamin B12 deficiency can cause changes in nail structure, making nails more susceptible to splitting, cracking, and peeling. It can also lead to a reduction in red blood cell production, resulting in anemia, which can manifest as pale or yellowish discolouration of the nails. In severe cases, vitamin B12 deficiency can cause nails to appear bluish due to reduced oxygenation of tissues. Other signs of vitamin B12 deficiency include hair loss, changes in skin pigmentation, and neuropsychiatric symptoms.
Vitamin B12 is naturally found in animal products such as meat, dairy, and fish. Organ meats, like kidneys or livers, are particularly rich sources of B12. For those following a vegetarian or vegan diet, B12 supplements, or fortified cereals and breads are recommended.
If you suspect that your nail peeling is due to a vitamin B12 deficiency, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional. A blood test can determine your B12 levels, and treatment options may include dietary adjustments, supplements, or, in more severe cases, vitamin B12 shots.
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External trauma
Nail biting and cuticle biting are habits that can also cause external trauma to the nails. Nail biting is a common cause of acute paronychia, a type of infection where bacteria get underneath the tissue at the side of the nail, leading to swelling and irritation. Additionally, repetitive picking at the thumbnail and cuticle with the index finger can produce horizontal hatch marks in the middle of the nail.
To prevent external trauma to the nails, it is recommended to keep nails trimmed short and avoid biting them or the cuticles. Wearing properly sized shoes is also important, as ill-fitting shoes can cause repeated trauma to toenails, leading to deformities. If an injury occurs, it is essential to ensure your tetanus vaccination is up to date and to seek medical attention if there is severe pain, bleeding, or other concerning symptoms.
While external trauma can cause nail peeling, it is important to note that internal causes, such as vitamin or iron deficiencies, may also contribute to this issue. Comparing your fingernails and toenails can provide some indication of the cause, as peeling in both suggests an internal cause, while peeling in only one suggests an external cause.
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Manicures and chemicals
Manicures can be a great way to improve the appearance of your nails and pamper yourself. However, it's important to be aware of the potential health risks associated with the chemicals commonly used in these treatments.
Nail salons have been known to use products containing chemicals that can affect the health of both clients and employees. These chemicals can be found in polishes, removers, glues, primers, and artificial nail products. One of the most common chemicals is acetone, which is found in nail polish removers and can cause headaches, dizziness, and irritated eyes, skin, and throat. Acetonitrile, found in fingernail glue removers, has similar effects and can also cause nausea, vomiting, weakness, and exhaustion. Butyl acetate, present in nail polishes and removers, leads to similar issues.
Another chemical, methacrylic acid, found in nail primers, can cause skin burns and irritation to the eyes, skin, nose, mouth, and throat. At higher concentrations, it can cause breathing problems. Methyl methacrylate, often used in artificial nail products, has been linked to asthma, irritated eyes and skin, difficulty concentrating, and loss of smell. Quaternary ammonium compounds, used as disinfectants, can irritate the skin and nose and may also cause asthma.
The "toxic trio" of the nail industry, toluene, formaldehyde, and dibutyl phthalate, are particularly concerning. Toluene is used in nail polishes, glues, hardeners, and removers, and can cause dry or cracked skin, headaches, dizziness, irritated eyes and nose, and damage to the liver and kidneys. Formaldehyde, found in nail hardeners and polishes, can irritate the skin and cause allergic reactions. Dibutyl phthalate is used in polishes and hardeners to reduce cracking and make the nails less brittle.
Gel manicures, a popular treatment, also come with risks. The UV light used to cure the polish can be harmful, and the chemicals in the gel polishes can cause nail dehydration and brittleness, leading to nail breakage and peeling.
To protect yourself, it's important to be aware of the ingredients in the products being used and to follow any warnings on the labels. Advocate organizations and local governments are working to encourage the use of less toxic products and safer practices in nail salons. Taking breaks between manicures and using nourishing oils and treatments can help maintain nail health.
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Frequently asked questions
Deficiencies in calcium, iron, vitamin D, and B vitamins like biotin can cause your fingernails to peel.
Peeling fingernails can also be caused by external factors such as trauma to the nail, exposure to chemicals, and the use of acrylic nails.
To prevent your fingernails from peeling, ensure you are consuming a well-balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins. Keep your nails moisturized and avoid excessive buffing, as this can cause dryness and make your nails more prone to damage.
