
Nails are sold by a number followed by a 'd' and by length. The 'd' stands for penny, so 8d refers to an 8-penny nail, 16d to a 16-penny nail and so on. This is a way to indicate nail length. For example, a 2d nail is 1 inch long and a 4d nail is 1.5 inches long. The 'd' goes back to the time when the Romans occupied England and is associated with a Roman coin called the denarius, which was also the name for an English penny.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Length | 1.5 inches |
| Historical meaning | The 'd' stands for penny |
| Roman times | The 'd' is associated with a Roman coin called the denarius |
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What You'll Learn

The 'd' in 4d nails stands for 'penny'
The 'd' in 4d nails stands for penny. Nails are sold by a number followed by a 'd' and also by length. The 'd' comes from the Roman coin, the denarius, which was also the name for an English penny. A 4d nail is 1.5 inches long.
The 'd' in nail sizes goes back to the time when the Romans occupied England. Nails were hand-forged, one at a time. Some say that a hundred 3-1/2 inch nails would have cost 16 pennies and thus became known as 16-penny nails. Others say that the number and the 'd' indicate that one 16d (3-1/2 inch) hand-forged nail cost 16 pennies.
Carpenters often refer to 16d common nails, 8d finish nails or 10d sinkers. An 8d nail is 2.5 inches long and a 16d nail is 3.5 inches long. Most framers prefer to use 16d nails for framing 2x lumber, including walls.
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4d nails are 1.5 inches long
The 'd' in 4d nails stands for penny, so 4d nails are 4-penny nails. This is a way to indicate nail length, with each 'd' representing a penny. 4d nails are 1.5 inches long.
The use of 'd' to indicate nail length goes back to the time when the Romans occupied what is now England. The 'd' is associated with a Roman coin called the denarius, which was also the name for an English penny. When nails were hand-forged, one at a time, a hundred 3-1/2 inch nails would have cost 16 pennies and thus became known as 16-penny nails.
Some say that the number and the 'd' indicate that one 16d (3-1/2 inch) hand-forged nail cost 16 pennies. It is unclear which version is true, or why the 'd' designation persists even in modern building codes. However, retail boxes of nails are marked with the penny size as well as the length in inches.
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The 'd' goes back to the time when the Romans occupied England
The 'd' in 4d nails goes back to the time when the Romans occupied England. The 'd' is associated with a Roman coin called the denarius, which was also the name for an English penny. Nails were once hand-forged, one at a time, and the 'd' indicated the price of the nail. For example, a hundred 3-and-a-half-inch nails would have cost 16 pennies and thus became known as 16-penny nails. Today, the 'd' is used to indicate nail length. A 4d nail is 1.5 inches long.
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Nails are sold by a number followed by 'd' and by length
The 'd' goes way back to the time when the Romans occupied what is now England. The 'd' is associated with a Roman coin called the denarius, which was also the name for an English penny. Some say a hundred 3.5-inch nails would have cost 16 pennies and thus became known as 16-penny nails. Others say that the number and the 'd' indicate that one 16d (3.5-inch) hand-forged nail cost 16 pennies.
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Retail boxes of nails are marked with the penny size as well as the length in inches
A 4d nail measures 1.5 inches.
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Frequently asked questions
4d means 4-penny. Nails are sold by a number followed by a 'd' to indicate their length.
A 4d nail is 1.5 inches long.
The 'd' goes back to the time when the Romans occupied England. The 'd' is associated with a Roman coin called the denarius, which was also the name for an English penny.
A 4d nail cost 4 pennies.
A 16d nail is 3.5 inches long, whereas a 4d nail is 1.5 inches long.











































