Sophia Delgado
There are many reasons why nails split and grow out that way. It could be due to an injury, a vitamin or mineral deficiency, or an underlying medical condition such as psoriasis or lichen planus. Nails can also become brittle and prone to splitting during pregnancy due to iron deficiency anemia. Frequent wetting and drying of the nails, as well as the use of nail polish and removers, can also weaken nails over time, making them more susceptible to splitting. In some cases, a fungal, bacterial, or yeast infection in the nail bed may be the culprit, requiring antifungal or antibiotic treatment.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Injury | Nail injury can cause horizontal splitting. |
| Moisture | Nails can split due to repeated wetting and drying. |
| Chemicals | Exposure to harsh chemicals can cause nail splitting. |
| Cosmetics | Frequent use of nail polish, removers, and fake nails can weaken and split nails. |
| Aging | Nails become more brittle and prone to splitting with age. |
| Nutrition | Nutrient deficiencies, especially iron deficiency, can cause nail splitting. |
| Medical Conditions | Psoriasis, lichen planus, thyroid problems, and nail fungus can cause nail splitting. |
| Medication | Oral medications containing vitamin A (retinoids) can cause nail splitting. |
| Pregnancy | Nails can become brittle and split during pregnancy due to nutritional deficiencies. |
| Treatment | Home remedies include nail glue, tea bag application, gel and silk wraps, and fake nails. Medical treatment may involve antifungal or antibiotic medications. |
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What You'll Learn
Vitamin deficiencies
Nutritional deficiencies can cause nail splitting. Nails are often a map of what's going on inside your body, and nutrient deficiencies may affect your nails' appearance.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 deficiency may cause changes in your nails, including nail hyperpigmentation, which can appear as diffuse bluish discolouration.
Biotin
Biotin, a B vitamin, promotes healthy nails. However, biotin supplementation is generally not recommended unless there is a proven biotin deficiency.
Vitamins A and D
Deficiencies in vitamins A and D have been associated with hapalonychia (soft nails).
Iron
Iron deficiency can cause nail splitting.
Zinc
Zinc deficiency can also cause nail changes.
Other Nutrient Deficiencies
- Selenium deficiency has been linked to white fingernails.
- Clubbing of nails is associated with iodine deficiency.
- Magnesium deficiency can lead to soft, flaky nails that are prone to breaking or splitting.
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Skin conditions
Fingernails and toenails can be affected by skin conditions, which may cause horizontal splitting between the layers of the nail plate. This can be accompanied by longitudinal ridging or splitting. Such splitting or ridging of the nails may be observed in individuals with skin conditions such as:
Psoriasis
Psoriasis is a skin condition that causes outbreaks of red scaly areas and patches on the skin. It can also affect the nails, leading to nail thickening, crumbling, or splitting. About 40–50% of people with psoriasis experience nail symptoms. Taking medication to control psoriasis can help prevent nail damage.
Lichen Planus
Lichen planus is a skin condition that can cause nail splitting.
Oral Retinoids
Oral medications made from vitamin A (retinoids) can also lead to nail splitting.
Fungal Infections
Fungal infections in the nail bed can change the texture of the nails, resulting in weakened and split nails. Onychomycosis (nail fungus) requires antifungal medication to kill the infection and prevent further nail breakage.
Nail Separation (Onycholysis)
Onycholysis is a condition where the nail separates from its nail bed. It often appears after an injury to the nail, but it may also be caused by fungi. Antifungal medication may be prescribed to treat this condition.
If you are experiencing nail splitting due to any of these skin conditions, it is recommended to consult a healthcare professional for appropriate treatment and advice.
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Nail cosmetics
There are many reasons why your nails may grow out split. Some of the most common causes include physical injury, nutrient deficiency, wear and tear, and ageing. In some cases, an underlying medical condition, vitamin deficiency, or infection may be the culprit. If you are experiencing frequent nail splitting, it is recommended to avoid moisture on your nails and consider using a nail-hardening solution.
To prevent and treat nail splitting, it is important to take care of your nails and maintain their health. This includes protecting your nails from water and chemicals by wearing gloves, especially if your job requires frequent hand exposure to wet conditions. Additionally, giving your nails a break from nail cosmetics can help reduce splitting. Nail polish, removers, and gel acrylics can weaken the nails over time, making them more prone to splitting.
Clionadh Cosmetics offers a new line of nail polishes, including multichrome, magnetic, and crème finishes, adding a unique touch to your nails. ILNP Boutique Nail Polish also presents a range of premium colours and finishes to suit different tastes and styles.
In conclusion, nail cosmetics encompass a wide range of products, from nail polishes to gels and adhesives. While nail cosmetics can enhance the appearance of your nails, it is important to give your nails occasional breaks from these products to prevent splitting and maintain their health.
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Nail injury
A nail injury can cause horizontal or vertical splitting. It doesn't have to be a major injury to cause nail splitting; even stubbing your toe or crushing your nail tip can result in your nail growing with a ridge or split-like appearance.
Horizontal splitting is usually a sign that there is damage to the proteins that connect the nail layers. Vertical splitting can indicate damage to the nail matrix, or the part of the finger that creates the nail.
If you have a bigger split, you can apply nail glue or clear nail lacquer to hold the keratin together until your nail grows out. Then you can trim or file off the split. If all your nails are splitting or you notice that your nails are brittle or fragile, you should see a doctor. It could be a sign that a medical condition or vitamin deficiency is causing your nail splitting.
If your nail split is more severe, cover the nail with petroleum jelly and place a bandage on top until it grows back. Soak the nail in saline water 2–3 times a day and reapply the bandage. If your nail split extends into your nail bed, you may need to visit a doctor. Your nail may have to be removed, and your nail bed may need stitches. If your nail can be reattached, a doctor will reattach it with glue or stitches.
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Aging
To mitigate the effects of aging on nail health, it is important to keep nails well-hydrated and moisturized. Applying thick moisturizers or petroleum jelly can improve nail hydration and reduce the occurrence of nail splitting. It is also recommended to wear gloves while doing chores or working with your hands to protect nails from excess moisture and potential injuries.
Additionally, maintaining a healthy diet rich in vitamins and minerals can promote nail health. Vitamins A, B, C, and D, as well as nutrients like iron, zinc, and calcium, are essential for strong and healthy nails. Biotin supplements, a type of B vitamin, can also help improve nail strength, but it is important to consult a doctor before taking any supplements.
While aging nails may exhibit signs of splitting, it is important to be mindful of other potential causes, such as injury, nail biting, and exposure to water or harsh chemicals. If nail splitting is severe or persistent, it is advisable to consult a doctor or healthcare professional for personalized advice and treatment options.
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Frequently asked questions
There are several reasons why nails may grow out split. Firstly, frequent use of nail polish and nail polish removers can weaken nails over time, making them more prone to splitting. Secondly, underlying medical conditions such as vitamin deficiencies, thyroid problems, and skin conditions like psoriasis can contribute to nail splitting. Lastly, physical trauma or injury to the nail area, including stubbing your toe or crushing your nail, can result in nail splitting.
There are several home remedies and medical treatments available for split nails. Home remedies include applying nail glue or clear nail lacquer to hold the nail together until it grows out, using nail hardening products, and keeping your nails moisturized. If the splitting is due to an underlying medical condition, treating that condition can help your nails grow back strong and healthy. In severe cases, a healthcare professional may need to remove the nail completely or stitch the nail bed.
To prevent your nails from growing out split, it is important to keep your nails clean, healthy, and moisturized. Avoid biting or picking at your nails, and refrain from using acetone-based nail polish removers as they can weaken your nails. Additionally, wear gloves while doing household chores or working with water to protect your nails from frequent wetting and drying, which is a common cause of nail splitting.
