Sophia Delgado
A broken fingernail is a common injury that can occur from catching your nail on an object or finger trauma. While it may seem like a minor issue, a broken fingernail can sometimes lead to more serious complications, such as a nail bed injury, which can harm the nail matrix and affect nail growth. In this article, we will explore the different options available for treating a broken fingernail, including at-home remedies and medical interventions, and discuss whether splinting is an appropriate treatment option. We will also provide tips on preventing and caring for broken fingernails to promote healthy and strong regrowth.
Should I put a splint for a broken fingernail?
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| When to use a splint | When the nail bed is affected, or when there is a bone fracture |
| Splint type | Gutter splints, Ulnar gutter splints, Two-finger splints, Fixed finger splints, Temporary splints |
| Splint material | Metal, Plastic, Aluminium-foam |
| Splint shape | U-shaped, Frog-shaped, Curved |
| Splint application | Taping, Bandaging, Stitching |
| Splint maintenance | Keep dry, Change dressings, Take oral medication for pain |
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What You'll Learn
Types of finger splints
A broken fingernail may be accompanied by a broken finger. In such cases, a doctor may recommend a splint to treat the injury. Splints are medical devices that immobilize and stabilize injured fingers, helping them heal and prevent further damage.
There are several types of finger splints, each treating a different condition and coming in various sizes and materials. Here are some of the most common types:
- Static Finger Splints: These hold the joints in a specific position and are suitable for those with damaged tendons or fractures. They are typically made of rigid materials like metal or plastic and have a cushion of foam or padded fabric to prevent pressure sores.
- Dynamic Finger Splints: These splints consist of plastic, foam, and metal, offering a prolonged stretch for stiff joints. They are suitable for wear at night or during rest and can support joint stiffness without interfering with daily tasks.
- Gutter Splints: These are made of stiff materials like metal or plastic and are shaped like a U or half circle that runs under and around the finger, providing support from the sides and the palmar side.
- Ulnar Gutter Splints: A variation of the gutter splint, ulnar gutter splints start at the forearm, covering the wrist and wrapping around the ring and pinkie fingers.
- Two-Finger Splints (Buddy Splints): These splints surround the injured finger with metal or plastic and then tape or bandage it to the adjacent finger.
- Prefabricated Splints: Commercially available splints designed for specific injuries, such as frog-shaped or curved finger splints. They often have wings that can be bent over to hold them in place.
- Aluminum-Foam Splints: For injuries involving the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint, these splints are made by cutting and bending a flat, straight aluminum-foam strip to the appropriate dimensions and angles.
- Nylon Splints: These splints, often infused with copper, are geared towards sports injuries like jams and sprains. They can be adjusted to the finger's width and are durable and reusable.
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When to use a splint
A splint is a device used to immobilize an injured body part while it heals. It can be used to treat fractures, muscle or tendon injuries, nerve compression conditions, and arthritis. Splints are especially useful for treating finger injuries as they are easier to apply and remove than casts, adjustable, and take up less space on your hand.
If you have a nail injury, a splint may be used to protect your nail and finger as they heal. If you lose your nail, it will take about 7 to 10 days for the nail bed to heal, and a new fingernail will take about 4 to 6 months to grow back. If you broke a bone in your finger along with the nail injury, it will take about 4 weeks to heal.
If you are unable to access a medical professional, you can create a makeshift splint at home to protect an injury and prevent it from worsening until you can see a doctor. To do this, clean and cover any open wounds, and do not try to move the injured body part. Place something firm, like a stick or a small blanket, underneath the injured area, ensuring that it extends past the joints on either side of the injury. Secure the splint with straps of cloth, tape, a belt, or a necktie, being careful not to make them too tight to avoid cutting off blood flow to the area.
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How to apply a splint
A splint is a medical device that stabilises a part of your body and holds it in place. They are often used to treat sprains and strains, as well as some types of bone fractures and dislocations. Finger splints are used to treat injuries such as mallet finger, sprained fingers, some types of broken fingers, finger dislocations, and osteoarthritis.
If you have a broken fingernail, your provider may replace it with a special type of material that will remain on the nail bed as it heals. If you have a broken bone, your provider may need to place a wire in your finger to keep the bone in place. In this case, you may be given a splint to help protect your nail and finger as they heal.
- Choose or fabricate a splint of the appropriate length. For full finger splints, measure from the MCP joint to the tip of the finger.
- Cut the splint to the appropriate length and bend it to the appropriate dimensions and angles.
- Smooth out any sharp edges and wrap the cut edges with cloth tape to prevent injury.
- Place the splint on the dorsal surface of the finger.
- Secure the splint with ties, such as tape, Velcro, or fabric straps. Ensure that the knots are not pressing on the injury and are not too tight to avoid cutting off blood circulation.
- Check the area frequently for swelling, paleness, or numbness. If needed, loosen the splint.
It is important to note that this is a general guide and that you should always seek medical advice and follow the instructions provided by your healthcare professional for your specific injury.
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How to treat a broken fingernail at home
A broken fingernail is often the result of a smashed finger, which can cause pain, swelling, stiffness, and bruising. If you have lost a large portion of your nail or are experiencing heavy bleeding, it is recommended that you seek medical attention. However, if the injury is minor, you can treat a broken fingernail at home. Here are some steps you can take:
Stop the Bleeding
If there is bleeding, apply pressure to the injured area with a clean cloth or bandage until the bleeding stops.
Remove Any Jewelry
Take off any rings, bracelets, or other jewelry from your hand and arm. If your finger is swollen and you cannot remove a ring, call your healthcare provider for assistance.
Clean the Wound
Gently wash any minor cuts or scrapes with warm water and soap. Avoid touching the injured area directly to prevent further injury or pain.
Apply Antibiotic Ointment
If desired, you can apply a thin layer of antibiotic ointment to the injured area to prevent infection and promote healing.
Bandage the Nail
Wrap a bandage or gauze around the nail and secure it with medical tape. This will help protect the nail and keep it in place while it heals.
Reattach the Broken Nail (Optional)
If you have a small chip or break in your nail, you can attempt to reattach the broken piece using nail glue or super glue. Gently press the broken piece back into place for 30 to 60 seconds until it stays attached. Remove any excess glue, and then use a nail file or buffer to smooth out the surface. Apply a thin layer of protective coating, such as a clear base coat of nail polish, once the glue has dried.
It is important to note that if you have injured your nail bed or experienced a serious break, it is recommended to seek medical attention to prevent infection and ensure proper healing. Additionally, if you experience any unusual pain or discomfort, it is always best to consult with a healthcare professional.
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When to seek medical attention
Fingernail injuries are common and can be treated at home in most cases. However, there are certain instances where medical attention is necessary to prevent further complications and ensure proper healing. Here are some scenarios when you should seek medical attention for a broken fingernail:
- Severe Nail Bed Injuries: Nail bed injuries can be more serious than typical fingernail injuries as they can damage the nail matrix, which is responsible for nail growth. If the nail bed is injured, seek immediate medical attention to prevent infection and further injury. A doctor may need to repair the nail bed and matrix to ensure proper nail growth.
- Large Bruise or Broken Bone: If you experience a large bruise or suspect a broken bone in your finger, seek medical attention. In such cases, the doctor might need to remove the nail, repair the nail bed, and treat any underlying bone fractures. They may prescribe antibiotics to prevent infection and pain relievers to manage discomfort.
- Inability to Stop Bleeding: If you are unable to stop the bleeding from the injured fingernail, it is important to seek medical help. A healthcare professional can treat the wound, clean it, and provide the necessary care to control bleeding.
- Loss of a Large Portion of the Nail: If you lose a significant part of your fingernail, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional. They can assess the extent of the injury and provide guidance on managing and treating the broken nail.
- Inability to Remove Rings Due to Swelling: If your finger is swollen after a fingernail injury, and you are unable to remove any rings, it is important to seek medical attention. They can help remove the ring safely and provide appropriate care for the injury.
- Infection or Delayed Healing: If you notice any signs of infection, such as redness, swelling, or discharge, or if the nail bed is taking longer than expected to heal, seek medical attention. A healthcare professional can prescribe antibiotics and provide guidance on wound care to prevent further complications.
Remember, while minor fingernail injuries can often be managed at home, it is always best to err on the side of caution. If you have any doubts or concerns about the severity of the injury, don't hesitate to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.
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Frequently asked questions
If you break a fingernail, you can often manage it at home using glue, tape, and other household items. If you lose a large portion of your nail or experience heavy bleeding, talk to a healthcare professional.
If you break a small part of your nail, gently trim the part that's not connected to your skin. Then, file the nail to smooth out any sharp edges. You can use nail glue to reattach the broken piece or to repair small tears. You can also use super glue and a tea bag as a temporary fix.
If you injure your nail bed, seek immediate medical attention to prevent infection or further injury. Take off any jewellery from your hands and arms, and wash the injury with clean, warm water. Gently pat the area dry with a clean towel.
If you break the bone in your finger, you should be seen within six hours. A splint will be placed on your finger to keep the bone in place. Antibiotics may be given if there is a laceration.
To prevent your fingernails from breaking, avoid using them as tools, such as to pop open lids or cans. Keep your nails moisturised, especially if they're dry and brittle. Also, avoid damaging chemicals like detergents and cleaning products.
