Isla Bennett
Fingernail mould, or nail fungus, is a common condition that can affect both fingernails and toenails, causing discolouration, thickening, and crumbling edges. It is usually treated by trimming the infected nail(s) and applying antifungal medication, either topically or orally. In this article, we will discuss the various treatment options available, including over-the-counter and prescription medications, as well as home remedies that can help manage this condition. Additionally, we will provide tips on preventing fingernail mould and reducing the risk of recurrence.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Cause | Fungi, yeast, mold, or bacteria |
| Symptoms | Discoloration, thickening, distorted shape, foul odor, crumbling edges, pain, discomfort, brittleness |
| Diagnosis | Examination of debris under the nail, KOH test, fungal culture |
| Treatment | Antifungal medication (oral or topical), home remedies (vinegar, Vicks VapoRub, tea tree oil, oregano oil, Listerine mouthwash), trimming and scraping infected nails, antifungal nail paint |
| Prevention | Keep nails short and clean, dry hands and nails, use antifungal spray or powder, avoid sharing nail polish |
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What You'll Learn
Trimming nails and scraping debris
Nail trimming and debris scraping are important first steps in treating nail fungus. This is because the infection can thicken the nail and cause it to lift off the nail bed. Once the nail has lifted, it will not reattach, and a new nail will not grow in its place. Therefore, trimming the nail and removing the debris helps to prevent further damage and allows for the application of topical treatments.
It is important to note that nail fungus can be difficult to treat. Even with successful treatment, the nail may still appear unhealthy until a new, healthy nail grows in its place. This can take four to six months for fingernails and 12 to 18 months for toenails.
In addition to nail trimming and debris scraping, other treatments may be necessary to completely eradicate the infection. This could include topical treatments, such as medicated nail polishes or creams, or more aggressive treatments, such as antifungal pills, in severe cases.
To prevent nail fungus, it is important to practice good nail hygiene. This includes keeping nails trimmed, sanitizing nail scissors and clippers, and not sharing them with others. Keeping the feet clean, dry, and moisturized can also help, as fungus thrives in warm, damp environments and can enter through small cracks in the skin.
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Antifungal pills
Fingernail fungus is a common condition that can be treated with antifungal medication. If you have a mild infection, you may be able to use a medicine that you apply directly to your nails. However, if you need more aggressive treatment, your dermatologist may prescribe antifungal pills. These pills have a higher cure rate than topical medications and work more quickly.
There are a few different types of antifungal pills that can be used to treat fingernail mold, including itraconazole and terbinafine. These medications are typically taken for two to three months, depending on whether the infection is on your fingernails or toenails. Itraconazole is generally used if the nail infection is caused by yeast or mold. It is typically taken once daily for a maximum of three months. Terbinafine can be taken continuously or with breaks between treatments. For continuous treatment, it is usually taken once daily for three months. For treatment with breaks, it can be taken as 500 mg daily for one week, followed by a three-week break, or 250 mg daily for four weeks, followed by a four-week break.
It is important to note that antifungal pills can cause side effects, so your dermatologist will monitor you closely during treatment. You will also need to have monthly blood tests to check for any problems. In addition to antifungal pills, your dermatologist may recommend combining this treatment with a topical medication for more effective results.
While antifungal pills can be an effective treatment for fingernail mold, it is always best to speak with your dermatologist to determine the most appropriate treatment plan for your specific condition.
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Home remedies
While medical treatments are the only known methods to effectively treat nail fungus, some home remedies may help manage symptoms. It is important to note that there is currently no evidence that any home remedy can fully clear up a fungal nail infection.
Vicks VapoRub
A 2011 study suggests that Vicks VapoRub could be beneficial in treating nail fungus.
Oregano Oil
Oregano oil contains thymol, which is said to have antifungal properties. It is sometimes combined with tea tree oil in treatments. However, side effects can be potent, and combining oregano oil with tea tree oil can increase the possibility of an allergic reaction or irritation.
Ozonized Oils
Olive oil and sunflower oil are examples of oils that have been infused with the same gases present in the ozone layer.
Nail Scraping
Nail scraping is thought to work by gradually removing parts of the affected nail every day over the course of 2 to 3 weeks. This involves using an over-the-counter (OTC) kit with urea paste to help soften the nail, along with a scraping device.
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Oral antifungal medication
The dosage of oral antifungal medication varies depending on the specific drug and the patient's needs. For instance, the dosage of terbinafine can be 250 mg or 500 mg per day. Similarly, the dosage of itraconazole can range from 200 mg to 400 mg per day. It is important to follow the prescribed dosage and duration of treatment to ensure the effectiveness of the medication.
It is worth noting that oral antifungal medication is not suitable for everyone. A healthcare provider will recommend the best treatment option based on the severity of the infection and the patient's individual needs. In some cases, a combination of oral and topical antifungal medications may be suggested to enhance the effectiveness of the treatment.
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Preventing re-infection
To prevent nail mould re-infection, it is important to understand how the infection occurs in the first place. Nail mould infections are caused by fungi entering the skin through tiny cuts or small separations between the nail and nail bed. The fungi grow when the nail provides a suitably warm and moist environment. Therefore, keeping your nails short, clean, and dry is one of the best ways to prevent re-infection.
Additionally, it is important to continue any medication or treatment prescribed by your dermatologist for the full duration recommended, even if the infection appears to have cleared. This will help ensure that the fungus is completely eradicated and reduce the risk of re-infection.
Practising good hand and nail hygiene is also essential for preventing re-infection. Wash your hands regularly with soap and water, especially after any activities that may cause minor trauma to the nails, such as gardening or exercise. Keep your nails trimmed and filed, avoiding any sharp edges that could cut the skin.
It is also important to avoid sharing nail clippers, files, or other nail care tools with others, as the fungus can be transferred through these items. If you must share, be sure to disinfect the tools before and after use. Similarly, wearing gloves when handling items that have been in contact with someone else's nails, such as shared sports equipment or gardening tools, can help prevent re-infection.
Finally, if you notice any signs of re-infection, such as discolouration, thickening, or crumbling of the nail, be sure to address it promptly by consulting a dermatologist and following their recommended treatment plan.
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Frequently asked questions
A fungal nail infection usually appears as a discolouration and thickening of the nail, with crumbling edges. Toenails are more frequently affected than fingernails.
If you think you have a fungal nail infection, you should visit your doctor. They will be able to diagnose the infection by examining debris from underneath the nail.
Treatment options include antifungal medication, which comes in the form of tablets or a special paint that is applied directly to the nail. In some cases, a combination of both may be used. There are also home remedies that have been shown to have promising clinical effects, such as oregano oil, which contains antifungal properties.
To prevent a fungal nail infection, keep your nails short and clean. If you get acrylic nails, ensure they are put on properly at a reputable salon. Keep your hands and nails dry and avoid putting sharp objects under your nails.
