Ava Monroe
A black nail bed can be caused by a number of factors, including injury, fungal infection, and, in rare cases, melanoma—the most aggressive form of skin cancer. While it may be tempting to try and remove the discolouration at home, it is always best to consult a doctor, especially if the discolouration is sudden or unexplainable. A doctor will be able to diagnose the cause and recommend the best course of treatment.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Cause | Injury, fungal infection, vitamin B12 deficiency, melanoma, underlying health conditions (e.g. diabetes, kidney disease, heart infection, psoriasis, anemia) |
| Symptoms | Pain, pressure, blood accumulation under the nail, discoloration, nail lifting |
| Treatment | Over-the-counter pain relievers (NSAIDs), topical and oral antifungals, surgical removal, biopsy, chemotherapy, radiation therapy |
| Prevention | Properly fitting shoes, keeping toes clean and dry, trimming toenails straight across, managing underlying health conditions |
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What You'll Learn
Treatments for black toenails
Black toenails can be caused by a variety of factors, ranging from minor injuries to underlying health conditions. The discoloration can range from black or brown spots to covering the entire nail. It is important to identify the root cause to determine the appropriate treatment. Here are some possible treatments for black toenails:
Treating Trauma-induced Black Toenails
The most common cause of black toenails is trauma or injury to the toenail, resulting in a bruise under the nail called a subungual hematoma. This can occur due to stubbing your toe or dropping something on it, causing bleeding and trapping blood underneath the nail, which then darkens. In most cases, this type of black toenail can resolve on its own without treatment. Rest and allowing the nail to grow out are often sufficient, although it may take a few months for the discoloration to disappear completely.
However, if the injury is severe or there is significant pain and swelling, it is recommended to seek medical attention. A healthcare provider may use a special instrument to make small holes in the nail to relieve pressure and drain the blood, but this must be done within two days of the injury. If the condition is more advanced, they may suggest removing the nail after numbing the area to ensure the procedure is painless.
Treating Black Toenails Caused by Fungal Infections
Fungal infections can also cause black toenails due to debris buildup. Toenails are particularly susceptible to these infections because fungi thrive in warm and moist environments. Mild cases can often be treated at home with over-the-counter ointments, creams, and polishes. However, more severe infections may require prescription antifungal medications, which can be applied topically or taken orally. It is important to note that treating fungal infections can take months or even more than a year as you wait for the toenail to grow out completely.
Treating Black Toenails Related to Underlying Health Conditions
Black toenails can sometimes indicate underlying health conditions such as vitamin B12 deficiency, anemia, diabetes, heart disease, kidney disease, or vascular disease. In these cases, it is crucial to address the root cause by consulting a healthcare professional and discussing proper medication, diet, and exercise to manage the condition effectively. For example, keeping diabetes well-managed can help prevent black toenails.
Treating Black Toenails Due to Melanoma
In rare cases, black toenails can be a symptom of subungual melanoma, a type of skin cancer. Melanoma often presents as a dark streak or stripe running vertically down the nail and may spread to the surrounding skin. Treatment for melanoma typically involves surgical removal of the growth. However, if it has spread beyond the nail or toe, healthcare providers will discuss alternative treatment options. Early detection is crucial, so it is important to consult a dermatologist if you notice any suspicious changes to your toenails.
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Causes of black toenails
Black toenails are typically caused by trauma and sports-related injuries. This could be a single instance of blunt-force trauma, such as dropping a heavy object on your foot, or it could be caused by repetitive microtrauma from activities like running or hiking. This is sometimes called "runner's toe". When this happens, the blood vessels under the nail break, causing bleeding and pooling of blood under the nail, which leads to a blackened appearance.
In some cases, black toenails can be caused by fungal infections, which can cause the nail to darken over time, especially if left untreated. Certain skin disorders, such as psoriasis or lichen planus, can also lead to darkening or discolouration of the nail.
Additionally, black toenails can be a symptom of underlying health conditions, such as diabetes, heart disease, anemia, kidney disease, or vitamin deficiencies. In rare cases, black toenails can be a sign of melanoma, a dangerous form of skin cancer that can appear as a dark line or spot under the nail.
It is important to note that black toenails can often resolve with time and conservative care. However, if the cause is unknown or the discolouration is persistent, it is recommended to seek medical advice to rule out any serious underlying conditions.
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Home remedies for black toenails
Black toenails can be caused by several factors, including injury, infection, diabetes, vitamin B12 deficiency, and, rarely, melanoma. While home remedies can help treat the discolouration, it is important to consult a healthcare provider if more than half of the nail is black, if there is pain due to swelling or pressure, or if there are signs of infection.
If the black toenail is caused by an injury, a healthcare provider may recommend making small holes in the nail to relieve pressure and drain the blood. If the injury is severe, the nail may need to be removed.
For black toenails caused by fungal infections, there are several home remedies that may help:
- Soaking the feet in white vinegar for 10 to 15 minutes, followed by rinsing with warm water, can help to eliminate foot odour and treat mild fungal infections due to its natural antifungal properties.
- Mouthwash, such as Listerine Original Antiseptic Mouthwash, contains thymol, a plant compound with antifungal properties. Soaking the feet or dabbing mouthwash onto the toenails with a cotton ball can help treat fungal infections.
- Garlic has strong antifungal properties and can be used as a home remedy. Fresh garlic cloves can be crushed and applied directly to the infected toenail for 20 to 30 minutes, followed by washing with warm water and soap.
- Tea tree oil, diluted in a carrier oil or purchased as a cream, can be applied to the infected toes two to three times per day.
- Vicks VapoRub, which contains thymol and other essential oils, can be applied to the affected area at least once a day.
- Sunflower oil has been found to fight yeasts that cause foot fungus and may be effective in treating toenail fungus.
It is important to note that home remedies may take longer to show results compared to prescription medications, and reinfection is common. Severe cases of toenail fungus may cause pain and irreversible toenail damage, so consulting a doctor is recommended if home remedies are ineffective or cause side effects.
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When to see a doctor about black toenails
While black toenails are not always a cause for alarm, it is not something to be ignored either. It is important to see a doctor or healthcare provider if you experience a sudden, unexplained black toenail or if it does not heal with time and at-home treatments. A black toenail can be indicative of an underlying medical condition that requires prompt attention.
If you have diabetes, it is crucial to seek medical advice, as the condition can increase your risk for complications. Other underlying medical conditions that can contribute to black toenails include peripheral arterial disease (PAD), lupus, kidney disease, and psoriasis. These conditions can impact circulation and increase the risk of complications from black toenails, so timely medical attention is essential.
In cases of trauma or injury, the discoloured part of the nail will usually disappear as the nail grows out. However, if the black toenail is accompanied by pain, swelling, or drainage, it is advisable to consult a doctor. A doctor can treat this condition by draining the blood with a needle to alleviate the pressure.
Fungal infections are another common cause of black toenails. Typically, fungal infections cause white or yellowish discolouration. However, if debris builds up near the infection, it can lead to a black appearance. Fungal infections can often be treated at home with over-the-counter creams and ointments. Nevertheless, if the infection persists or spreads, it is important to seek medical advice.
In rare cases, black toenails can be a sign of melanoma, a serious form of skin cancer that can spread rapidly. If you notice black spots spreading through your toenail, it is crucial to schedule an appointment with a doctor immediately for prompt diagnosis and treatment. Delaying medical attention can result in severe complications or even death.
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Preventing black toenails
Black toenails are often the result of trauma or injury, such as stubbing your toe or dropping something heavy on your foot. This is known as a subungual hematoma, where blood collects beneath the nail, causing a blackened appearance. To prevent this, it's important to wear properly fitting shoes, especially when running or engaging in physical activities. Keep your toenails trimmed and avoid walking barefoot in places where your toes might get stubbed or injured.
Fungal infections are another common cause of black toenails. Fungi thrive in warm and moist environments, such as sweaty socks. To prevent fungal infections, keep your toes clean and dry. Wear shoes that allow your feet to breathe, and avoid walking barefoot in damp areas, such as locker rooms or public pools. If you suspect a fungal infection, consult a healthcare professional for appropriate treatment.
In some rare cases, black toenails can be a symptom of an underlying health condition, such as melanoma, a serious form of skin cancer. It is important to seek medical attention if you notice any unusual discolouration or streaks on your toenails. Reducing direct sun exposure and wearing sunscreen on your feet and toes can help lower the risk of melanoma.
Additionally, certain medications can lead to toenail discolouration. If you are taking any medications and notice changes in your toenails, consult your healthcare provider for advice. Maintaining overall foot hygiene and being mindful of your surroundings can help reduce the likelihood of developing black toenails.
Lastly, for individuals with diabetes, proper management of blood sugar levels is crucial in preventing diabetic foot complications, including black toenails. Regular foot care and inspections can help identify any early signs of infection or discolouration.
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Frequently asked questions
A black nail bed can be caused by several factors, including injury or trauma, fungal infections, and in rare cases, melanoma, a type of skin cancer.
For a black nail bed caused by an injury, you can apply gentle pressure by wrapping a bandage around the affected toe to minimize blood pooling under the nail. Elevate your foot above your heart to reduce swelling. Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, can help manage pain and reduce inflammation.
Fungal infections can often be treated with over-the-counter or online creams and ointments. If the infection persists, consult a doctor, as oral antifungal medications or prescription topical treatments may be necessary.
If you experience a sudden, unexplained black nail bed or if it does not heal with time and at-home treatments, it is best to consult a doctor. Additionally, if you suspect melanoma, a type of skin cancer, your doctor may perform a biopsy to examine the nail bed for cancerous cells.
Yes, there are several home remedies you can try to lighten dark skin around your nails. For example, you can apply a mixture of buttermilk and saffron around your nails, rub tomato slices on the affected area, or apply aloe vera gel or potato juice to lighten and soften the skin.
