Ava Monroe
Toenail fungus is a common condition that causes nails to thicken, discolour, and become brittle and crumbly. It is caused by fungi that thrive in warm, moist environments, such as sweaty shoes or wet pool decks. While fungal nail infections can be stubborn and take a long time to treat, there are several ways to tackle them. Prescription antifungal pills are the typical treatment, but natural remedies like vinegar soaks and baking soda foot soaks have also shown some promise. Preventative measures include keeping your feet clean and dry, wearing proper footwear, and avoiding walking barefoot in public spaces. Once the fungus is under control, you will know your nails are growing back healthy when you see new nail growth at the base that is separate from the infected nail.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| How to prevent fungal nail infections | Avoid walking barefoot in public bathrooms, locker rooms, and places like communal showers and gyms. Change out of wet shoes and socks as soon as possible. Avoid wearing shoes that are too tight. |
| Symptoms of fungal nail infections | Nails become thick, yellow, cracked, discoloured, brittle, and crumbly. The nail may lift off, causing the skin around it to become swollen and painful. |
| Treatment for fungal nail infections | Antifungal drugs, creams, sprays, gels, and laser treatment. Antifungal tablets may be prescribed by a doctor and should be taken for the full course of treatment. |
| Natural remedies for fungal nail infections | Soaking feet in a mixture of apple cider vinegar and warm water. Using baking soda to make a foot soak or a paste to apply to the toe. |
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What You'll Learn
Antifungal medication
Topical antifungals are available over the counter from pharmacies and can be brushed onto the nail. They are best for surface fungus as the products don't penetrate the nail bed. It may take a year of daily use before you see the fungus go away. Topical antifungals include creams, sprays, and gels like ciclopirox (Penlac), efinaconazole (Jublia), and tavaborole (Kerydin).
Oral antifungals include terbinafine, which is taken as a 250mg tablet daily. For fingernail infections, terbinafine treatment takes 6 weeks, and for toenail infections, it takes 12 weeks. Griseofulvin is another oral antifungal, but it is rarely used because of its long treatment duration, higher risk of adverse events, and lower cure rates compared to other medications.
It is important to note that antifungal treatments can take a long time and may cause side effects. It is also crucial to finish any medication prescribed by your doctor and not stop taking it when your nail starts to look better, as this could allow hidden fungus to grow back.
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Natural remedies
Vicks VapoRub
Vicks VapoRub is a topical ointment that contains thymol, menthol, camphor, and eucalyptus oil, which may help treat toenail fungus. A 2011 study found that regular and long-term use of Vicks VapoRub can be used to treat onychomycosis. To use it, apply Vicks VapoRub with a cotton swab and try to work it under the nail. Put on a sock to keep the product in place. Repeat at least three to four times per week, although daily use is also safe.
Listerine Mouthwash
Listerine mouthwash can help treat toenail fungus because it contains menthol, thymol, and eucalyptus, which have antibacterial and antifungal properties. To use this remedy, soak the affected foot in a basin of amber-colored Listerine for 30 minutes daily.
Oregano Oil and Tea Tree Oil
Oregano oil and tea tree oil are potent natural remedies that may help treat toenail fungus. To use them, apply the product to the affected nail twice daily with a cotton swab. However, these oils may cause irritation or allergic reactions, so caution is advised.
Baking Soda
Baking soda can help stop fungal growth. Some people advocate making a foot soak with baking soda, while others make a paste to apply to the toe. You can also sprinkle baking soda on your feet to absorb moisture.
Garlic
A 2012 review in The Pharma Innovation Journal recommends placing chopped cloves in the toes of your socks at night or crushing fresh cloves and applying them to the infected toenail for 30 minutes. You can also create a cream by combining one tablespoon of fresh chopped garlic cloves, three tablespoons of coconut oil, and one tablespoon of olive oil. Rub it on your toes daily and store it in the fridge.
It is important to note that while these natural remedies may help, medical treatments are the only known methods to effectively treat nail fungus. If you think you have a fungal nail infection, it is recommended to speak to a pharmacist or doctor for advice and treatment options.
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Preventing the spread
Keep Your Feet Dry
Toenail fungus thrives in warm and moist environments. To prevent its spread, ensure your feet are clean and dry. If your feet sweat a lot, change your socks frequently and opt for footwear made of breathable materials. Avoid walking barefoot in public spaces, especially wet areas like pool decks, locker rooms, and communal showers. Always wear appropriate footwear, such as flip-flops or shower shoes, in these environments.
Practice Good Foot Hygiene
Fungal nail infections can spread to other nails or even through your body. To prevent this, practice good foot hygiene. Trim your nails regularly, and be cautious when using nail clippers and other tools. Sterilize any instruments before and after use to avoid transferring fungal spores. Wash your hands thoroughly after touching your feet or nails. Additionally, avoid sharing personal care items like nail clippers, towels, and shoes with others.
Choose the Right Footwear
Tight-fitting shoes can create a warm and moist environment conducive to fungal growth. Opt for comfortable and well-fitting shoes that allow your feet to breathe. If you play sports, wear the correct shoes for your specific activity, and ensure they are the right size. Replace old or worn-out shoes that may harbour fungal spores.
Treat Infections Promptly
If you notice any signs of nail fungus, such as discolouration, thickening, or brittleness, take immediate action. Consult a pharmacist or your healthcare provider for appropriate treatment options. Topical antifungal treatments, such as creams or nail polishes, can be applied directly to the affected area. For more severe cases, your doctor may prescribe oral antifungal medications. It's important to follow the treatment plan consistently and for as long as recommended, even if symptoms improve, to ensure the infection is completely eradicated.
Maintain Overall Health
Certain health conditions, such as a weakened immune system due to organ transplants or chemotherapy, can increase your susceptibility to fungal nail infections. Maintaining overall health and managing any underlying conditions is crucial in preventing the spread of nail fungus. Consult your healthcare provider for guidance on managing any health issues that may impact your nail health.
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Nail matrix injuries
The nail matrix is the area where your fingernails and toenails start to grow. It is responsible for nail growth and is located at the base of the nail. The nail matrix has two parts: the germinal matrix and the sterile matrix. The germinal matrix contributes to about 90% of nail growth, while the sterile matrix keeps the nail attached to the underlying skin and accounts for the remaining 10% of nail cells.
A healthy nail matrix is essential for healthy nails, but it is vulnerable to damage and disease. Nail matrix injuries can result from mechanical injuries or improperly performed nail care procedures. Sharp injuries, such as a strong blow, pinching, or crushing the fingertip or toe, can cause trauma to the nail matrix. This can lead to severe pain, bruising, ridges, discoloration, and even the nail falling off. In some cases, a severe injury could result in permanent nail loss.
After a nail matrix injury, it is important to see a doctor as soon as possible if you experience symptoms such as discoloration, pain, swelling, or other abnormalities. Proper care is crucial for the nail matrix to heal and resume nail growth. In some cases, a procedure called nail trephination may be recommended to drain trapped blood and provide pain relief, but this must be done within 48 hours of the injury.
Additionally, certain habits can contribute to nail matrix damage. For example, individuals who pick their cuticles may notice a wavy nail plate due to matrix damage under the lunula area, where the nail is still soft. Improper use of a drill or excessive pressure when using a cuticle pusher can also lead to nail plate distortion and matrix damage.
It is important to be cautious when performing nail care procedures and to seek medical attention if any symptoms of nail matrix injury are observed. With proper care and treatment, the nail matrix can heal, and nail growth can resume over time.
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Health conditions
Certain health conditions can affect nail growth and increase the risk of fungal nail infections. For instance, individuals with weakened immune systems due to organ transplants or chemotherapy are more susceptible to fungal nail infections, which can impede nail growth. Additionally, illnesses such as heart attacks, COVID-19, pneumonia, and certain medications can cause Beau's lines (horizontal ridges) and slow nail growth. Chemotherapy and other medications can also lead to Mees' lines (white bands) and nail colour changes.
Managing underlying health conditions is crucial for maintaining nail health and promoting growth. For example, individuals with nail psoriasis should seek regular medical care to manage the condition effectively. Medications, including pills, injections, or topical treatments, can help control nail psoriasis and its impact on nail growth.
Foot fungus is a common issue, and certain health conditions can increase susceptibility. People with constantly warm and sweaty feet, such as those who wear trainers for extended periods, are more prone to fungal nail infections. Keeping feet dry and changing out of wet shoes and socks promptly can help reduce the risk of fungal infections that may hinder nail growth.
It is important to note that some health conditions may require specific precautions to protect nail health and growth. For instance, individuals with conditions affecting their nail matrix, such as injuries or illnesses, should be cautious when working with tools or machinery to avoid pinching or crushing their fingers or toes. Familiarity with “pinch points” and wearing recommended gloves can help prevent injuries that may impact nail growth.
Underlying health conditions can influence nail growth and the development of fungal nail infections. Seeking medical advice and managing these conditions effectively is essential for maintaining nail health and promoting nail growth.
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Frequently asked questions
Signs of a fungal nail infection include thick, yellow, cracked, or cloudy nails with white, brown, or yellow spots. Nails may also become brittle and crumbly, and the nail may even start to lift from the toe.
If you think you have a fungal nail infection, you should speak to a pharmacist or your GP. They will be able to recommend the best treatment for you, which may include antifungal tablets or nail medicine.
Some home remedies for fungal nail infections include soaking your feet in a mixture of apple cider vinegar and warm water, or using baking soda to make a foot soak or a paste to apply to the affected area. However, it is important to speak to a healthcare professional before trying any home remedies.
To prevent fungal nail infections, avoid walking barefoot in public spaces such as bathrooms, locker rooms, and communal showers. Keep your feet clean and dry, and change out of wet shoes and socks as soon as possible.
To promote nail growth after a fungal infection, ensure you are taking prescribed medication as directed by your doctor. Keep the affected area clean and dry, and consider using a nail strengthener or nail growth serum to encourage healthy nail growth. Maintaining a healthy diet and managing any underlying health conditions can also help support nail growth.
