Ava Monroe
Fungal nail infections are characterized by thick, discoloured, and brittle nails that are prone to breakage. While it is unlikely to go away without treatment, treating nail fungus can take a long time, and the infection can return. Treatment options include antifungal drugs, creams, gels, nail polishes, and laser treatment. Oral antifungal medication is one of the most effective solutions, but it must be taken for several months. The duration of treatment depends on the severity of the infection and can range from 3 to 18 months.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Time taken for nail fungus to go away | 6 months to 18 months |
| Toenail fungus treatment time | 3-6 months |
| Fingernail fungus treatment time | 4-6 months |
| Toenail fungus treatment | Antifungal drugs, creams, laser treatment, antifungal pills, nail removal |
| Fingernail fungus treatment | Antifungal drugs, creams, antifungal pills |
| Toenail fungus prevention | Wear shoes or sandals in public places like locker rooms, swimming pool decks, communal showers, and gyms |
| Fingernail fungus prevention | Keep nails short and straight, avoid tearing nails |
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What You'll Learn
Toenail fungus treatment options
Toenail fungus is a common but challenging condition. It can take at least six months to as long as 18 months to see your nail return to normal. Treatment options vary depending on the severity of the infection and can include home remedies, over-the-counter treatments, and prescription medications. Here are some detailed options for treating toenail fungus:
Home Remedies
Home treatments are typically recommended for early-stage toenail fungus. Some natural remedies with antifungal properties include tea tree oil, eucalyptus oil, ozonized sunflower oil, and baking soda. These treatments can be applied directly to the affected nail. Tea tree oil, in particular, has been found to perform as well as some over-the-counter and prescription topical antifungal treatments. Additionally, Vicks VapoRub, a mentholated ointment, has shown positive effects in small studies.
Over-the-Counter Treatments
Over-the-Counter options include antifungal creams, ointments, gels, sprays, liquids, and nail polishes. While these treatments are easily accessible, they may not be as effective as prescription medications, and the infection may recur. Examples of OTC antifungal creams include clotrimazole (Mycelex) and Sporanox. It is important to follow the directions carefully when using these treatments.
Prescription Medications
Prescription medications for toenail fungus include oral and topical options. Oral medications, such as antifungal pills, tend to yield the best results and may help get rid of the infection faster. Examples of oral antifungals include terbinafine (Lamisil), posaconazole (Noxafil), and itraconazole. However, these pills can have side effects and interact with other medications. Topical prescription medications, such as prescription-strength nail polishes, are also available but may take longer to work and are less effective for severe cases.
Nail Removal
In severe cases of toenail fungus that do not respond to other treatments, nail removal may be recommended. This can be done surgically or non-surgically. Non-surgical removal involves applying a chemical to the nail to soften the nail bed, allowing the infected nail to be removed after about 10 days. Surgical removal involves loosening the skin around the nail with a special tool and removing the nail from the toe. This procedure is rare and is usually only considered when other treatments have failed.
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Fingernail treatment options
Fingernail fungus can be a stubborn condition to treat. While there are some home remedies and over-the-counter (OTC) treatments available, they are not always effective and medical treatments are often required to fully get rid of the infection.
If you have a mild fungal infection, a medicine that you apply to your nails may get rid of the infection. This treatment helps keep new fungus out while the nails grow. Fingernails typically grow out in four to six months. Toenails take longer, usually taking 12 to 18 months. The most challenging part of this treatment is remembering to use it as often as prescribed. Some treatments must be applied daily, while others are applied once a week. It is crucial to follow the instructions provided with the medication. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved several medicines that you can apply to the nail to treat nail fungus. However, these treatments have a low cure rate and possible side effects, including redness and swelling, ingrown toenails, and stinging or burning when applied.
For more severe infections, or when other treatments are ineffective, antifungal pills can be prescribed by a dermatologist. These pills work throughout the body and have a higher cure rate than topical treatments. They also work faster—two months of treatment can cure an infection under the fingernails, while three months usually cures a toenail fungal infection. Antifungal pills can have side effects, so your doctor will monitor you closely and may require monthly blood tests.
Combination therapy, which involves taking antifungal pills and applying medication to the nails, can be more effective than using either treatment alone.
In cases of severe infection, or when other treatments are unsuccessful, nail removal may be recommended by a dermatologist to get rid of the infection. This can be done surgically or non-surgically. For non-surgical treatment, a doctor will apply urea ointment to the infected nail and wrap it in plastic and tape. The ointment softens the nail bed, and after about 10 days, the infected nail can be removed or just the diseased part of the nail can be cut away. Surgical treatment involves loosening the skin around the nail with a special tool and removing the nail. This procedure is rarely performed and a new nail usually grows back within a year. While the nail is growing back, a doctor will likely prescribe a cream or other treatment to prevent further fungal infection.
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Preventing nail fungus
Keep your nails short and trimmed, cutting straight across and ensuring your toenails are shorter than the end of your toes. This helps prevent fungi and other germs from getting under your nails. Sanitize your nail clippers before use by washing them with soap and water, then wiping them with rubbing alcohol. If you go to a nail salon, ask how often they sanitize their equipment. They should be doing this after every client to prevent the spread of fungal infections.
Wear breathable socks, such as sanitized acrylic socks, which are better than cotton for absorbing sweat. If you've had a nail fungus before, throw away old shoes, boots, and skates as the fungus can live in them and cause re-infection. You can also use an ultraviolet (UV) shoe sanitizer or ozone cabinet to disinfect your footwear. Additionally, you can sprinkle antifungal powder into your shoes to prevent fungus from growing.
When in public places, such as locker rooms, gyms, spas, public showers, or pools, wear flip-flops or shower sandals. This will help prevent you from catching nail fungus and athlete's foot. Keep a pair of flip-flops near the pool so you can wear them as soon as you get out of the water.
It's important to note that even with successful treatment, nail fungus can return. If you notice any signs of re-infection, such as changes in nail colour or texture, see your dermatologist. They can recommend appropriate treatments and provide guidance on prevention strategies to reduce your risk of future infections.
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Home remedies for nail fungus
Toenail fungus is a common condition, affecting about 14% of the global population. It can cause thickened, discoloured, or brittle nails, and may lead to discomfort and self-consciousness. While medical treatments are available, many people prefer natural or at-home remedies. Here are some effective, research-backed home remedies for toenail fungus:
Tea Tree Oil
Tea tree oil, derived from the leaves of the Melaleuca alternifolia tree, has natural antifungal and antiseptic properties. A study published in the Journal of Family Practice found that applying 100% tea tree oil twice daily cleared nail fungus in 18% of participants after six months, with noticeable improvement in 56% of cases. To use this method, mix a few drops of tea tree oil with a carrier oil such as coconut or olive oil. Apply the mixture directly to the affected nail using a cotton swab, and repeat this process twice daily for several weeks.
Apple Cider Vinegar
Apple cider vinegar is another natural remedy that can be used to treat toenail fungus. It is known for its antifungal properties and can help to balance the pH levels of the skin and nails, creating an environment that is less hospitable to fungi. To use this treatment, soak your feet in a solution of warm water and apple cider vinegar for 15-20 minutes once daily. You can also try applying diluted apple cider vinegar directly to the affected nails using a cotton ball.
Garlic
Garlic is known for its antifungal properties and can be effective in treating mild toenail fungus. To use this remedy, crush a few cloves of garlic and mix them with enough olive oil to form a paste. Apply the paste to the affected nails and leave it on for 30 minutes before rinsing it off. Repeat this process once or twice daily for several weeks until the fungus clears.
Vicks VapoRub
Although designed for cough suppression, Vicks VapoRub has been found to be effective in treating toenail fungus due to its active ingredients, camphor and eucalyptus oil. A 2011 study found that Vicks VapoRub had a positive clinical effect in treating toenail fungus. To use this treatment, apply a small amount of Vicks VapoRub to the affected area at least once a day.
It is important to note that while these home remedies may help clear up symptoms, medical treatments are the only known methods to effectively treat nail fungus. If you have diabetes or a weakened immune system, it is recommended to consult your doctor for appropriate medical treatment. Additionally, if the infection is deep or has been present for a long time, your doctor may recommend removing all or part of the affected nail.
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When to see a doctor for nail fungus
Toenail fungus is a common condition that can take a long time to go away. It can take anywhere from six to 18 months to see your nail return to normal. Even with treatment, nail fungus can return. Therefore, it is important to know when to seek medical attention.
If you notice any of the following, it may be time to see a doctor:
- Severe or painful symptoms: If your symptoms are causing you pain or discomfort, or if your toenail turns brown or black, it is important to make an appointment with a doctor. These could be signs of a more serious infection that requires medical attention.
- Chronic infection: If your toenail fungus keeps returning despite following preventive measures and treatment, it is important to see a doctor. A recurring infection could indicate an underlying issue that requires further investigation and a different treatment approach.
- Diabetes: People with diabetes are at a higher risk of developing complications from toenail fungus, such as sores that do not heal. If you have diabetes and suspect toenail fungus, it is crucial to seek medical advice promptly.
- Deep or long-lasting infection: If you have had the infection for a while and it appears to be deep, your doctor may recommend removing all or part of the affected nail. Surgical or nonsurgical nail removal can be performed to treat severe infections or cases that do not respond to other treatments.
- Spread of infection: Toenail fungus can spread to other toes or other parts of the body, leading to issues such as athlete's foot or jock itch. If the infection spreads, it is important to seek medical attention to prevent further complications.
In summary, while toenail fungus can often be treated with over-the-counter medications and home remedies, it is important to see a doctor if you experience severe symptoms, recurring infections, or any other concerning issues. They can help determine the best course of treatment and address any underlying causes.
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Frequently asked questions
Toenail fungus won't go away without treatment and can take at least six months to as long as 18 months to clear up. Fingernails typically grow out in four to six months, whereas toenails can take 12 to 18 months.
Treatment options include antifungal drugs, creams, gels, nail polishes, home remedies like Vicks VapoRub or tea tree oil, laser treatment, and nail removal.
To prevent nail fungus, you should wear shoes or sandals in public places like locker rooms, swimming pool decks, communal showers, and gyms. You should also keep your toenails shorter than the end of your toes, trim your nails straight across without rounding the edges, and clean your nail clippers.
