Caleb Foster
Hair and nails are similar in many ways, from their origin to their structure and even the diseases they can be affected by. They are both made up of keratin, a protein that forms protective cells. Keratin is produced by the body to create hair, skin, and nails, and it also forms cells that are a key part of many glands and that line internal organs. Nails and hair are predominantly epithelial structures derived from primitive epidermis and made up of keratinous fibrils embedded in a sulfur-rich matrix.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Composition | Hair and nails are made of a protein called keratin. |
| Origin | Hair and nails are predominantly epithelial structures derived from primitive epidermis. |
| Anatomy | The nail unit is comparable in several respects to a hair follicle sectioned longitudinally and laid on its side. |
| Growth | Nails grow faster in summer than in winter. During pregnancy, a woman's nails and hair may grow faster than a man's. |
| Health | About 10% of all dermatological conditions are nail-related. Yellow, brown, or green nails can indicate a fungal infection, while yellow nails can also be a symptom of a thyroid condition, psoriasis, or diabetes. |
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What You'll Learn
Hair and nails are both made of the protein keratin
Hair and nails are indeed related, and one of the reasons for this is that they are both made of the protein keratin. Keratin is a protective protein that provides strength and resilience to the hair and nails. It is also found in the skin and forms cells that line internal organs and are part of many glands.
The presence of keratin in hair and nails is due to their similar anatomical structures. Both hair and nails are predominantly epithelial structures derived from primitive epidermis. The nail unit has been compared to a hair follicle sectioned longitudinally and laid on its side. This structural similarity was first noted in the early 20th century.
The process of growth for hair and nails is also similar. Nails begin their growth under the skin, with new cells pushing out old ones through the skin. Similarly, hair growth occurs when cells in the root of the hair divide and multiply, pushing the hair up through the skin's surface.
Additionally, both hair and nails can provide insights into a person's health. For example, changes in hair and nail texture, colour, or growth rate can indicate underlying health conditions. In some cases, hair and nail analysis can be used to detect nutritional deficiencies or exposure to certain toxins.
The shared composition of keratin in hair and nails highlights their close relationship and similar functions in the human body. This relationship is valuable in understanding the growth, structure, and potential health implications associated with hair and nails.
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They share common involvement in several diseases
Hair and nails are predominantly epithelial structures derived from primitive epidermis and made up of keratinous fibrils embedded in a sulfur-rich matrix. They are differentiated epidermal structures that may be involved jointly in several ways as congenital and hereditary anomalies and acquired conditions.
One of the diseases that can affect both hair and nails is alopecia areata, an autoimmune disease that causes hair loss in patches. Alopecia can be a symptom of a systemic disease and should not be taken lightly. It can also cause nail problems such as koilonychia, a condition where the nails become thin and spoon-shaped.
Another common involvement is lichen planus, an inflammatory condition that can affect the nails and scalp, leading to hair loss. Iatrogenic causes, such as medication side effects or medical procedures, can also impact both hair and nails.
Fungal infections, such as ringworm, can affect both the nails and hair. Ringworm is transmitted by direct contact or the exchange of contaminated objects, such as a hairbrush. It manifests as small pimples and dandruff, sometimes with erythematous lesions, and can lead to brittle hair and localized hair loss.
Additionally, onychomycosis, a fungal infection that affects the nails, can also degrade the keratin in the hair. It is characterized by a yellowish or brownish discolouration of the nail, thickening, a change in shape, brittle nails, and pain when the nail is pressed.
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They are both epithelial structures derived from the primitive epidermis
Hair and nails are predominantly epithelial structures derived from the primitive epidermis. They are made up of keratinous fibrils embedded in a sulfur-rich matrix. Keratin, a protein, forms the cells of hair, nails, and skin. It also forms cells that are a key part of many glands and that line internal organs.
The nail unit was found to be comparable in several respects to a hair follicle sectioned longitudinally and laid on its side. The epithelial components of the hair follicle and nail apparatus are differentiated epidermal structures that may be involved jointly in several ways. For example, both hair and nails can be impacted by diseases and cancers.
Nails are made of dead cells, which is why it does not hurt when you cut them. The part of the nail that you can see is dead and has no feeling. However, a layer of skin under the nails, called the dermis, has sensory nerve endings.
Hair, on the other hand, is made up of both dead and living cells. The hair follicle, from which the hair grows, is alive, and it is this that gives hair its growth properties. The hair shaft, the part of the hair that is visible, is made up of dead cells that have been pushed out of the follicle and keratinized.
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Both are affected by cancer treatment
Hair and nails are predominantly epithelial structures derived from primitive epidermis and made up of keratinous fibrils embedded in a sulfur-rich matrix. They are related in their origin, anatomical structures, and common involvement in many diseases, including cancer. Cancer treatments such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and radiation can have a significant impact on both hair and nails.
One of the most common side effects of cancer treatment on the skin is dryness, which can lead to itching, inflammation, and rashes. These rashes can vary and may be a sign of an allergic reaction to medication, requiring immediate medical attention. Dry skin can also lead to skin infections such as cellulitis, especially if bacteria enter through cuts or openings in the skin. To manage dry skin, individuals undergoing cancer treatment should use fragrance-free, gentle, and hydrating skincare products. Moisturizing daily is essential, and creams are generally more effective than lotions or gels.
Cancer treatments can also cause hair loss, nail changes, and skin wounds or scars. For instance, taxanes, a type of chemotherapy used to treat breast cancer, are known to cause nails to lift from the nail beds. This can lead to permanent nail damage, such as ridges, lumps, and bumps, or the nail may not reattach properly. Additionally, certain cancer treatments can make individuals more susceptible to nail infections, such as paronychia.
To mitigate the impact of cancer treatment on nails, individuals can take several precautions. These include keeping nails short and clean, wearing gloves during household chores and other tasks that expose the hands to chemicals, and consulting with a care team before painting nails, as some physicians prefer patients to avoid nail polish during treatment. While nail changes during cancer treatment can be challenging, it is important to remember that most patients will experience at least one skin or nail side effect, and medical help is available.
Although hair loss during cancer treatment can be distressing, it is often temporary, and hair typically grows back after treatment. However, during treatment, individuals can manage hair loss by seeking complementary therapies, wearing wigs, headwear, or scarves, and focusing on self-care and appearance to boost confidence and a sense of control. Overall, while cancer and its treatments can significantly affect hair and nails, there are strategies and support systems in place to help individuals navigate these changes and maintain their well-being.
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They are both prone to fungal infections
Hair and fingernails are both prone to fungal infections. While hair is less susceptible to fungal infections than nails, it can still be affected by ringworm, which is a fungal infection of the scalp. Fungal nail infections, on the other hand, are very common and affect about 10% of the adult population.
Fungal nail infections usually occur when a crack in the nail or the skin around it allows fungi to enter and grow. Toenails are more frequently affected than fingernails due to the dark, warm environment of shoes and reduced blood flow, which makes it harder for the body to detect and prevent an infection.
Fungal nail infections can cause the nail to become thickened, distorted, discoloured, and brittle. Nails may become difficult to trim, and pressure on the affected nail can cause pain or discomfort. In some cases, the nail may loosen from the nail bed, curl up or down, or crumble when touched.
Fungal nail infections are typically treated with oral or topical antifungal medications. Oral antifungals are usually taken for 2-3 months, depending on whether the infection is in the fingernails or toenails. Topical antifungals are applied directly to the nail but may not penetrate deep enough to cure more severe infections. Laser treatment is another option for stubborn infections, but it is not yet widely available.
Fungal hair infections, or ringworm, cause scaly, itchy patches on the scalp. Hair loss may also occur in the affected area. Treatment for ringworm typically involves the use of antifungal medications, such as shampoos, creams, or pills.
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Frequently asked questions
Nails and hair are made of a protein called keratin, which also forms the cells of human skin.
Nails and hair are predominantly epithelial structures derived from primitive epidermis.
Nails and hair have a lot in common in relation to their origin, anatomical structures, and common involvement in many diseases.
Nails and hair grow faster in summer than in winter.
Generally, men's nails and hair grow faster than women's. However, during pregnancy, a woman's nails and hair may grow faster than a man's.
