Isla Bennett
Fingernails and toenails are made of dead cells called keratin, so cutting them does not usually hurt. However, if you cut your nails too short, you may reach the layer of living cells, which can be painful. Additionally, improper nail trimming can lead to ingrown nails, where the sides of the nail curve into the skin, and other issues such as hangnails and nail deformities. Bruising or bleeding under the nail, known as a subungual hematoma, can also cause pain. In some cases, cutting the nails may lead to nail infections, especially if the cuticle is cut or pushed back, as this exposes the nail root to bacteria and other germs.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Pain when cutting nails | Nails and hair are made of dead cells filled with keratin, so cutting nails does not hurt unless you cut into the skin underneath |
| Nail injuries | Bruising or bleeding under the nail, known as a subungual haematoma; nail bed injuries; cuticle injuries; skin injuries around the sides of the nail |
| Nail infections | Caused by bacteria or fungi entering an injury on, under, or around the nail; symptoms include pain, yellowing or whitening of the nail, and permanent damage to the nail bed |
| Treatment | For minor cuts or scrapes, gently wash and apply a bandage if needed; for more serious injuries, go to an urgent care centre or emergency room |
| Preventative measures | Properly trim nails with softened nails using disinfected tools; avoid cutting cuticles; moisturise after trimming |
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What You'll Learn
Nails don't have nerves, so cutting them doesn't hurt
Human nails are plate-like hard structures present on the fingers and toes. They are made of dead cells filled with keratin, a strong and tough protein. Nails do not have nerves or blood vessels, which is why cutting them does not hurt.
The skin underneath the nails is sensitive because the nerve endings in that region are exposed. The nail protects this region, and when the nail is removed, the skin around that area feels extra sensitive to touch and pain. The nerve below the nail is rarely exposed to the outer environment. It spends most of its existence covered by the nail and protected from outside forces. Therefore, when something comes into contact with the nerve endings on that unprotected skin, it can be extremely shocking for the body.
The fingertips are the densest region of nerve endings, and nails help protect the fingertips from injury. Nails also provide strength to our fingers and toes and protect the sensitive tips of the toes and fingers. They help us balance when we stand, run, or walk.
While cutting nails does not hurt, certain nail conditions can cause pain. For example, ingrown nails, fungal infections, and physical injuries to the nail can all cause pain. Additionally, the process of applying acrylic nails can cause pain by leaving the nail prone to infections and causing irritation and dryness.
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Cutting nails too short can expose sensitive skin underneath
Fingernails and toenails are made of dead cells called keratin, which is why cutting them does not usually hurt. However, cutting nails too short can expose the sensitive skin underneath, which can be painful. This is because the skin under the nail contains nerve endings, which are usually covered and protected by the nail. When the nail is cut too short, these nerve endings are exposed and can be very sensitive to touch.
In addition, cutting the nail too short can lead to a condition called subungual hematoma, which is when there is bruising or bleeding under the nail. This can be caused by cutting the nail too short, or by any other type of injury to the nail, such as smashing a finger in a door or hitting it with a hammer. A subungual hematoma can be painful and may require medical attention.
It is important to note that cutting the cuticles, which are the base of the nail, can also lead to pain and infection. The cuticles protect the nail root, and trimming or cutting them can make it easier for bacteria and other germs to enter the body. Therefore, it is recommended to leave the cuticles alone and avoid cutting or pushing them back.
To avoid cutting nails too short, it is recommended to trim them after taking a bath or shower when they are softer. Using the proper tools, such as nail clippers or nail scissors, can also help ensure a healthy cut. Additionally, disinfecting these tools regularly can help prevent infection.
In conclusion, while cutting nails is generally painless, cutting them too short can expose sensitive skin and lead to pain and potential injury. It is important to follow proper nail care techniques to avoid any discomfort or complications.
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Nail biting can cause pain and tissue damage
Fingernails and toenails are made of dead cells filled with keratin, so cutting them doesn't hurt. However, the skin around the nails, including the fingertips, is full of nerves and blood vessels, so any injury to this area can be very painful. Nail biting can cause pain and tissue damage in this sensitive area.
Nail biting, or onychophagia, involves biting the nail, the cuticle, and the tissue around the nail. While most nail biters don't develop long-term damage, it can happen. Biting the nails can cause soreness of the nails and the surrounding skin. It can also lead to abnormal-looking nails, as it may damage the tissue that helps nails grow.
Nail biting can also increase the risk of nail infections. The mouth contains many bacteria and viruses, and biting the nails can transfer these to the hands and face, leading to infections. Biting the nails can also introduce fungi to the nails, causing fungal nail infections. These infections can turn the nails yellow or white and may require medical attention.
In addition to nail abnormalities and infections, nail biting can also cause dental issues. Biting the nails can lead to chipped teeth, misalignment, and dental resorption. It can also increase the risk of stomach and intestinal infections if the bitten-off nails are swallowed.
To prevent nail biting, it is recommended to keep nails trimmed and maintain proper hand and nail hygiene. Regular manicures or the use of bitter-tasting nail polishes can also deter nail biting. Identifying triggers and finding alternative behaviors or distractions can help break the habit.
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Cutting cuticles can lead to infection
Cutting fingernails and toenails does not cause pain as they do not contain nerves or blood vessels. However, the skin around the nails, including the cuticles, is sensitive as it contains nerves. Cuticles are a protective layer of skin that forms a seal between the nail and the surrounding skin. They protect the nail matrix and the nail bed from bacteria and fungi that can cause infections.
Cutting the cuticles can leave the body vulnerable to harmful bacteria and fungi, increasing the risk of infection. This is because the cuticles act as a barrier to protect the nail from potential pathogens. When the skin around the nails is damaged by biting, trimming the cuticles, or picking at hangnails, bacteria or fungi can enter through the wound and cause an infection.
In most cases, those who prepare to apply acrylic nails begin by cutting the cuticles and filing down the nails. This practice can leave the nails prone to infections. Additionally, gluing on nail extensions and adding acrylic can cause irritation and dryness, leading to hangnails, ingrown nails, and nail deformities. Less damaging alternatives to acrylic nails include gel nail extensions and dip powder.
To maintain healthy cuticles and nails, it is recommended to keep them moisturized and gently push them back with a warm paraffin wax treatment or a clean fingernail. This helps to keep the cuticles supple and protects the nail area from potential infections. It is also important to prioritize nail health when getting a manicure or pedicure by ensuring that the instruments are sanitized and avoiding salons that do not maintain proper hygiene standards.
In summary, cutting the cuticles can increase the risk of infection by exposing the nail bed to harmful bacteria and fungi. To prevent infections, it is advisable to leave the cuticles alone, keep them moisturized, and gently push them back if desired.
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Fungal nail infections can cause pain and discolouration
Fingernails and toenails do not have nerves or blood vessels, which is why cutting them does not usually cause pain. However, fungal nail infections can cause pain and discolouration.
Fungal nail infections are a common condition, often affecting the toenails, but they can also occur on the fingernails. The infection usually starts at the edge of the nail and gradually spreads. It can be caused by various fungi, including the one responsible for athlete's foot, as well as yeasts and moulds.
The symptoms of a fungal nail infection include thickening, discolouration (usually white or yellow), and brittleness. The nail may also crumble or break easily. In some cases, the whole nail can break off, leading to pain and swelling in the surrounding skin.
Left untreated, a fungal nail infection can spread to other nails and, rarely, to the skin, potentially causing permanent damage to the nail bed. Treatment can be lengthy and may have side effects. Antifungal nail medicine, applied regularly over several months, is typically recommended.
To summarise, while cutting nails does not typically cause pain due to the absence of nerves and blood vessels, fungal nail infections can lead to pain through discolouration, thickening, and brittleness. Proper treatment is essential to prevent the infection from spreading and causing further complications.
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Frequently asked questions
Nails themselves are made of dead cells called keratin, so cutting them does not hurt. However, if you cut into the skin underneath the nail, it will hurt as this skin contains nerves and blood vessels.
Cutting nails too short can expose the sensitive skin underneath, causing pain. Cutting the cuticle can also cause pain as it leaves the nail prone to infection.
For minor cuts, gently wash the wound and apply a bandage if needed. For more serious injuries, go to an urgent care centre or emergency room.
